Amebicides, Antibiotics and Antivirals (+definitions of well known diseases)

What must a normal total cell count percentage fall below, in order to be classified as AIDS? [2 pts]

HIV occurs in three main stages: acute HIV infection, clinical latency, and AIDS. In the first stage those infected are very contagious, sometimes suffering from flu-like symptoms; however, this often

With such badly compromised immune systems people with AIDS get a growing number of serious sicknesses, they are called opportunistic diseases. With no treatment, the AIDS patients predictably survive about three years. The most usual Symptoms of AIDS are fever, chills, swollen, sweats, lymph glands, weight loss, and weakness. The diagnosis of AIDS is when the CD4 cell counts drops below 200 cells/mm or if they acquire certain opportunistic diseases. Being infected with the HIV can increase the viral load in

What is HIV? It is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS if not treated. The Kaiser Family Foundation (2008), states that HIV attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the immune system fight off infections. If left untreated, it reduces the number of T-Cells in the body, making the person more likely to get other infections. Also noted is the fact that HIV destroys so many of these cells that it renders the body helpless in fighting off the infections, while it takes advantage of the weaker immune system. This occurrence is part of the

Primary HIV infection is the first stage and only lasts for a few weeks. Flu-like illnesses may be present during this stage. The second stage is known as clinically asymptomatic stage and typically lasts for an average of ten years. Although major symptoms might not exist during this stage, the HIV-positive person may experience swollen glands. Symptomatic HIV infection is the third stage. As the immune system continues to fail, symptoms surface and become miniscule at first then later leading to more prevalent symptoms. This third stage is generally caused by illnesses, involving cancers and infections, which the immune system would normally fight off but is not able to because the immune system is too weak. Finally, AIDS, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, develops and is the final stage of HIV. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when they show the symptom called an opportunistic infection. This is when infections take advantage of the weakened immune system. HIV leads into life threatening AIDS and causes the infected individual to feel escalating amounts of pain such as neurotic pain, tremendous headaches, gastrointestinal pain, chest pain, and even emotional pain such as depression. This pain can be intense enough to cease the individual from living a productively normal life. HIV and AIDS can strike anyone at any point in their life and should be taken seriously.

AIDS is diagnosed when an individual with HIV infection develops at least one of the following conditions: a CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells/L. An opportunistic infection; fungal, viral, protozoal, bacterial, cancers, wasting syndrome, and/ or Aids Dementia (ADC).

HIV is a disease with multiple stages of severity. Persons who acquire this disease may unknowingly be a carrier for years without realizing it. At early onset of acute HIV infection (Stage 1), a few weeks after exposure, viral replication is rapid and there may be mild, generalized flulike symptoms such as low fever, fatigue, arthralgia, and sore throat (VanMeter, 2014). Following this brief illness, if any, of stage I the person would then go into Stage 2 or clinical latency. This period can also be referred to as asymptomatic HIV infection due to the low levels of HIV reproductions. For some, this period can last many years to a full decade or beyond, but without treatment many will go through this phase quickly. Those that test

Since AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is a disease of the immune system caused by HIV, which is a retrovirus that causes acute immunosuppression. HIV can produce an increase in fatal diseases which includes wasting syndromes and central nervous system disintegration. People with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) develop opportunistic infections once the immune system becomes severely compromised. A patient’s CD4 T-cell is directly related to the risk of developing an opportunistic infection. Additionally, HIV most frequently infects CD4 cells. The CD4 cell count is a key gauge of the health of the immune system. CD4 levels lower than 200 will be at risk for an opportunistic infection. .Patients with AIDS routinely receives a test called the CD4 test. This blood test is taken to count several types of cells. Moreover, this test do not count CD4 cells, it is a calculation based on total white blood cells and the proportion of cells that are CD4. The blood sample is tested to count several types of cells. Interpretation of this test does not count the CD4 cells directly. Instead, the laboratory makes an estimate based on total white blood cells and the percentage of cells that are CD4. Therefore, the CD4 count is not exact. When the CD4 cells has gone down, it is indicative of a weakened immune system. The lower the CD4 cells, the more probable the patient will become sick. A patient loses the ability to fight infection when the CD4 cells have gone down. Once the patient has lost the ability to fight off germs, an opportunistic infection such as pneumonia, skin infections, oral disorders, diarrhea, AIDS related dementia, Kaposi sarcoma, and CNS disorders may occur. Routinely patients are advised to check CD4 cells every three to six months when initiating antiretroviral treatment and once levels has increased, test every six to twelve

Initially, HIV-infected individuals will experience mild symptoms—fever, headache, and fatigue—but as the disease progresses, the immune system will weaken, and the symptoms will become worse. Symptoms of later-stage HIV infection include rapid weight loss, memory loss, recurring fever, and diarrhea that lasts more than a week. During this time, opportunistic infections become increasingly likely. These infections would not be a problem in a person with a normal immune system, but for people with a compromised immune system, they can become very troublesome. The infections are treated, but the progress of the disease cannot be

HIV and AIDS are sometimes used interchangeably, although there is a significant difference, and some HIV positive individuals will never develop Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Testing HIV positive means there are antibodies present in the system. HIV is classified into two phases: symptomatic and asymptomatic. Individuals show signs of a compromised immune system during the symptomatic phase, although with treatment advances, many are living asymptomatically. The progress of the illness can often be evaluated by looking at one’s CD4 and viral load

Amoxicillin is effective at destroying bacteria because it inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to PBPs (penicillin binding proteins) which stops the transpeptidation of peptidoglycan synthesis (Haveles, 2016) (Lexicomp). In other words, bacteria cells cannot completely form because their growth is stopped by amoxicillin’s action. It does not only kill the bacteria that is currently alive but also prevents more bacteria from forming.

c. HIV doesn't kill patient but cell mediated immunity is compromised and patient can die from infection

It includes lymph nodes, the spleen, bone marrow, lymphocytes (including B-cells and T-cells), the thymus and leukocytes, which are white blood cells.” HIV can show up as early a few weeks and it can also hide for a very long time in the cells of the body and then eventually attack the immune system. HIV basically interrupts the function of the body’s ability to fight infections. The virus will attack the cells, use them to duplicate themselves and then destroy the cell. Once so many cells in the body are destroyed, the body cannot fight off infections and diseases nor protect the body. A result from this is AIDS which stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. It is the last stage of HIV and once the immune system is not working as suppose you can get AIDS. Once HIV is in the blood stream, a person has HIV for life. The only way a person can know if they are infected is to get tested. There are clinics and hospitals where testing can be conducted, some require payment and few are free at no cost to get tested and received

The median survival time of 19.8 months from the estimated date of CD4+ lymphocyte count at 50 x 106/L to death was somewhat longer than that reported by Elizabeth G. (16 months, >25% at 2 years)(12). Robert Yarchoan showed that the median survival time of HIV infected persons with CD4+ lymphocyte count less than 50 x 106/L was 12.1 months (95% confidence interval: 7.2 -19.4 months) (13). According to the previous report that AIDS-defining diseases occurred at CD4+ lymphocyte count of 50 x 106/L for diagnoses, we compared our result of survival time from CD4+ lymphocyte count at 50 x 106/L to death with other AIDS survival studies. Ninety-seven percentages of AIDS patients survived at 6 months and 86% of them at 12 months in France (14). The

After a person has been exposed to HIV/AIDS and becomes infected with HIV (primary infections phase) a person will develop symptoms that mimic the flu, like swollen lymph glands, sore muscles a fever etc., Within a few weeks (2-4weeks). Then comes the clinical latency phase when the immune system tries to attack the HIV virus but you have no symptoms. This phase is said to last for about 10-12 years before a person fully develops AIDS. Next come the Opportunistic infection phase in other terms this is the phase where many have developed AIDS. Symptoms of AIDS include weight loss, fever fatigue, and many infections. The body cannot replenish the CD4 cells used to fight HIV for so long and the immune response becomes so bad it can lead to opportunistic infections. Some opportunistic infections include TB,lymphoma,pneumonia. Last and final phase is death, which is usually caused by an opptruntic infection tthat the body can not fight. With modern medicine HIV is not a death sentence and can help you not develop AIDS. Everyones situation is different depending on acsses to medicine testing and so on.