America's Involvement in Vietnam
From the early 1800’s up until 1931 Vietnam was controlled by France, Frances rule was then ended as they were forced to pull out of Vietnam due to the start of WW2, France left a ‘puppet ruler’ named Emperor Bao Dai. This left Vietnam vulnerable to invasion which was an opportunity Japan could not refuse and took advantage of Vietnam’s situation by invading. This sparked the return of a well known Vietnamese communist, Ho Chi Minh who was an exile during Frances rein, but thanks to WW2 was able to stage his return and help battle the Japanese and regain Vietnam’s freedom. The Marshall Plan was the main way in which the United States for the reconstruction of
…show more content…
However despite this the Vietminh relentlessly used every resource at their disposal to conquer the hill. This was such a humiliating defeat for the French that it persuaded them to pull out of the war. The Geneva Agreement proposed that Vietnam would be split in two, and elections would be held every 2 years to determine who would run the country. But America failed to agree and refused to sign as it believed it was to the benefit of communism. Ngo Dinh Diem was the southern Vietnamese Prime minister, he and his government were supported by the Americans despite being extremely corrupt. Diem helped rule the South of Vietnam with the Emperor Bao Dai, until he removed the Emperor and replaced him with himself. He then further abused his position and appointed his family and friends with the most beneficial positions. He then introduced new laws and taxes which greatly upset the peasants, especially with the new farming policies. It was these laws that led to protests such as the Monks which burnt themselves to death as they were unable to practise freely. Unfortunately for America the harm Diem was creating and led to an increase in their involvement. Diem was then assassinated shortly after.
The Domino Theory was taken very seriously by the
Much of Vietnam’s success against the French occupants can be attributed to the resources they gained from the Chinese Communist Party, who were close allies with the Viet Minh during the Indochina War (Hunt, 125). These successes come in spite of the fact that the United States assisted the French during these years of war (Hunt, 125). Without this additional assistance from American forces, the French would have most likely retreated even earlier, given that “the war was eating up 10 percent of France’s national budget” (Hunt, 125). On a similar note, without the French receiving American forces, the Viet Minh may not have necessarily turned towards the Chinese Communist Party in an effort to defeat the French. America intervened on the side of colonialism in an effort to deter communism manifesting itself in the Vietnamese revolution, but it almost encouraged it. Without joining the fight out of a larger fear, America may have been happier with the overall outcome of the Indochina War had they not chosen sides. However, they did choose to play a part in this conflict, and made more chaotic and severe than it may have been
In September 1945 Ho Chin Minh declared his country independence (Vietnam).Ho determination to make his country free brought him to the realization that, in other to achieve that, the Vietnamese would have to fight another war against the French colonialist. After several years of fighting the French were won out and sued for peace with the Vietnamese with a suitably ceremony on October 9 1945.This brought the intervention of the American, who wanted Vietnamese to be permanently divided which was temporally divided at the time (pp 150-151). As the Americans campaigned against communism, it has being portrayed to many that it is the right of the Americans to intervene in Vietnamese as world power. But the decision made by Johnson’s presidency was bias. The increase of American military troops in south Vietnam provoked and intensified the response from the north which eventually broke out to a war were so many lives were lost. The war ended with a great
United States involvement in Vietnam began as early as 1950. Multiple United States presidents authorized the use of U.S. troops in Vietnam and each had their reasons that they believed were appropriate. From Truman to Johnson, efforts were focused on putting an end towards Communism in the country. The United States believed that if one Southeast Asian country fell to Communism, many would follow. This was called the “domino theory”. Every president had a different approach to prevent the uprising of a Communist regime, all making the situation worse than it had previously been.
Trying to help stop Vietnam from falling into a communist country, the United States helped France in fighting Ho Chi Minh in 1950. In 1954 after the battle at Dien Bien Phu, France pulled out of Vietnam. At the Geneva Conference of 1954 there was a meeting of several nations trying to figure out how the French would withdraw peacefully. The agreement called “the Geneva Accords” stated a “cease fire for the peaceful withdrawal of French armed forces and the temporary division of Vietnam
The overall efforts of the United States in Vietnam has been described as a ‘war of liberation’ this can also be used to define Eisenhower’s overall policy towards Vietnam as it was based fundamentally on the fear that it was ‘certain that the fall of Vietnam to Communism would lead to the loss of all of Southern Asia’ and in an attempt to prevent this; his administration adopted a new policy of nation building. The overall aim of nation building was to build a Western government within Vietnam that would be strong enough to withstand Communism and also build a new Vietnamese nation. This was done by appointing Diem; a Catholic, to run North Vietnam with the belief that him acting as a figurehead would make it less likely for Ho Chin Minh to take power of Vietnam. Herring further explains ‘The Eisenhower administration after Geneva firmly committed itself to creating in the Southern part of the country a nation that would stand as a bulwark against Communist expansion.’ However, this did not happen without its consequences, for example: this over amplified American’s commitment to Vietnam by following the precedent policies by Truman aligned the United States with unstable and unrepresentative regime, and ultimately failed in laying the foundations for a completely stable nation as David L Anderson explained America
The book, Cold War Mandarin Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America’s War in Vietnam 1950-1963, by Seth Jacobs is a comprehensive retelling of the rise and fall of Ngo Dinh Diem’s government in South Vietnam. In that retelling Jacob focuses on the major events that took place in Vietnam as well as showed how America backed a leader that did nothing to booster his nation and led America into one of the worst wars in its history. The Diem regime was a corrupt and tyrannical government that used the United States’ fears of communism to push its own goals that ultimately led to its own demise. Jacob viewed the escalation of America’s involvement in Vietnam as the following, “The nine-year “experiment” that ended when Diem died was
The United States became involved with Vietnam after World War II because of the tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had occupied almost all of Eastern Europe, and they set up communist-ran governments to further separate themselves from the capitalistic values of the West. The U.S.’s policies in containment led them to take action against the spread of communism. The U.S. articulated the Domino Theory, which states that if one nation became communist then their neighbor would also become communist, and so would that neighbor’s neighbor and so forth. The U.S.
The Vietnam War was a long, immoderate furnished clash that hollowed the socialist administration of North Vietnam and its southern partners, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its chief associate, the United States. The war started in 1954 after the ascent to force of Ho Chi Minh and his socialist Viet Minh party in North Vietnam, and proceeded against the background of an exceptional Cold War between two worldwide superpowers: the United States and the Soviet Union. More than 3 million individuals (counting 58,000 Americans) were murdered in the Vietnam War; more than half were Vietnamese regular citizens. By 1969, at the top of U.S. association in the war, more than 500,000 U.S. military work forces were included in the Vietnam struggle. Developing restriction to the war in the United States prompted astringent divisions among Americans, both previously, then after the fact President Richard Nixon requested the withdrawal of U.S. strengths in 1973. In 1975, comrade strengths seized control of Saigon, consummation the Vietnam War, and the nation was bound together as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam the next year. Amid World War II, Japan attacked and possessed Vietnam, a country on the eastern edge of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia that had been under French organization since the late nineteenth century. Enlivened by Chinese and Soviet socialism, Ho Chi Minh framed the Viet Minh, or the League for the Independence of Vietnam, to battle both
The Vietnam War – the most despised war in America’s history – began earlier than many people realize. Troop involvement first appeared in 1965, but the United States had been sending supplies to the South Vietnamese since the beginning of 1953. During this time leaders of SEATO, South East Asia Treaty Organization, joined forces to prevent the spread of communism. This fear was propelled by something known as the Domino Theory which states that once a country falls into communist clutches then other countries are like wise to follow. The assassination of both John F. Kennedy and Ngo Dinh Diem pitched both countries into a time of turmoil as they attempted to grieve the deaths of their
In the era between the Second World War and the Vietnam War, national unity in the United States and American patriotism began to disintegrate and morph as the nation progressed from the 1940s through the 1970s. During WWII, the United States military fought a foe that the American public, and the world alike, saw as an enemy to the human race, which caused Americans to unify in their efforts to fight in the battle. In contrast, US military actions in Vietnam were not fully backed by the American public or American allies, in which caused many people from the country to lose trust and faith in America. Wars have points that define them. In WWII, it was the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese, which rallied a nation to come together and fight, citizens and soldiers alike. Where as, Vietnam it was the Gulf of Tonkin with North Vietnam, which left many Americans, and soldiers both, confused by the confrontation and unsure of what actions should be taken by their government. Both attacks prompted American officials to make decisions concerning the use of military force, but in each case the attacks appealed differently to American leaders and the American public. In the time period between the two wars the United States military had desegregated its forces. For the first time, African American and white soldiers fought on the front lines together and slept in the same barracks and this caused many African American soldiers to think about the Army differently. Although the
The Vietnam War was a contention amongst North and South Vietnam, however it had worldwide repercussions. The North was driven by a Communist and patriot administration that had battled against the Japanese in World War II and against French frontier run in the late 1940s. In 1954, it won control of North Vietnam when the French consented to a segment in the Geneva Accords. The South was driven by a non-Communist administration; after 1956, it was going by Ngo Dinh Diem. A Catholic, Diem was not able solidify his administer with a transcendently Buddhist populace. He administered with the support of a military provided and prepared by the United States and with generous U.S. monetary help. By the late 1950s, a Communist guerrilla constrain
Compared to Vietnam, America had very different ambitions and motives within the war. The U.S. was part of a large goal, known as “containment”, which was essentially stopping the spread of Communism. America believed that Communism Now in order for America to fulfill their goal of having an anti-communist society, they needed a powerful and determined leader who would vouch for them and support their belief of abolishing communism. Which is why in October 1955, Ngo Dinh Diem defeated the former emperor of Vietnam, Bao Dai, and appointed himself president of South Vietnam ("Ngo Dinh Diem."). Ngo Dinh Diem was originally a Vietnamese political leader who was born into one of the noble families of Vietnam. Diem was well known by the Vietnamese
The Vietnam War was one of the longest conflicts in the Southeast Asia reigon. It started after World War II in 1954 and didn’t end until April 30th, 1975. This war killed over 200,000 Vietnamese and over 58,000 American soldiers in the war; on top of that, the lives of over two million civilians who were innocent people. This war became known as “America’s longest war” – that supposedly helped with the control of communism during the Cold War years. For nineteen years though, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) fought against the American-Supported Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). This war didn’t end until 1973 when the United States withdrew its troops and then two years later after; South Vietnam surrendered to the North.
The United States got involved in Vietnamese affairs after World War II. Weakened by the war, the French were no longer able to keep their colony in Indochina, while Communist ideas and desire for independence from colonialism inspired Indochinese to take up arms against French colonial masters. The United States partly wanted to support the French as America's ally, but mostly wanted to prevent the spread of Communism in Southeast Asia, assuming that the fall of one country into Communist hands would lead to the fall of the entire region in a "domino theory." Americans also thought that the Vietnamese communists were part of the international communist movement. These assumptions
America’s tilt toward France prior to 1954 did influence U.S. policy toward Diem’s regime in South Vietnam. America was hopeful that France would defeat the communist power led by Ho Chi Minh, hopeful in the sense that it would protect America’s interest in Indochina. As Bao Dai played the role of a French puppet through the verbal support of America, the Vietnamese people, displeased with Bao Dai, rose up to fight the French. For that reason, it appeared that America was simply favoring the French in order to keep communism from spreading while also ensuring future investment in Vietnam if communism were to fail. Therefore, America takes the role of the French after the French defeat in the battle of Dien Bien Phu. Hence after continuous failure