An Analysis Of Hoch 's Photomontage 's ' Spirit Of Our Time '

The Bauhaus was an art and design school that operated in Germany from 1919 to 1933 (Smith 2005, p. 31) and was a major component of the Modernism movement. In 1923 the schools’ founder Walter Gropius called for “a new unity” between art and technology. Subsequently, one of the main aims of the Bauhaus was to merge art with mass-­‐production, however this ambitious aim often eluded the Bauhaus (Bergdoll and Dickermann 2010, p. 15) and its products were criticized as being for an elite. This essay will investigate the extent to which the Bauhaus achieved its goal of mass production through an exploration of the different phases and individuals of the iconic school.

Germany was able to rebuild thanks to American financial aid. People in Germany, as in other European beaten countries after the war, began to pin their hopes for happiness on the acquisition of cars, television sets and furniture. About the time of Bausch’s adolescence, comparing status symbols began to be a more powerful form of personal communication than simple human contact.

Volker Berghahn is the Emeritus Seth Low Professor of History at Columbia University. He specializes in European-American relations and modern German history. Berghahn has written several books and has received several awards. The awards he has received include the following: Order of Merit, First Class, the Federal Republic of Germany; Helmut-Schmidt Prize of ZEIT Foundation; Honorary Professor at the University of Warwick; Fellow, Royal Historical Society, England; and Fellow, Wissenschaftszentrum, Berlin. His alma maters include the University of North Carolina and the University of London. Berghahn was born in 1938 and is of German-American descent.

In the book Frauen: German Women Recall the Third Reich by Alison Owings, we are provided with plenty of women who describe their lives before, during and after Hitler received power. This book provides us with different views of the time era and as well as how the impact of Hitler affected every woman differently through social class, age, marital status and etc. This paper will explore the lives of three German women who seem to be in the Grey area during the over control of Hitler but mostly with the killings of the Jews. This paper will further explore the complicity and the different levels of resistance that these three women had during this time era which is 1933-1945. The three women that will be discussed in this paper are Margarete (Margrit) Fischer, Ellen Frey, and Christine (Tini) Weihs. When looking into the lives of all three women these women it seems as though women didn’t have much of a responsibility for the events that were happening around them. Although these women seemed to be complaint to a certain degree with the events there were going on around them. These women would have been complaint due to the fear of what happened to Germans when they stood against the events that took part.

From 1933, the Nazis Party have aimed to create the policy of Volksgemeinschaft, this is a component focused on the heart of the people’s community based on traditional values of the German people. The German society underwent radical changes under the Nazi regime as Hitler introduced various policies that have had a substantial effect on 6 prominent groups: German women, youth, schools and universities and churches, working class and the Jews. The implementation of Hitler’s new policies in the period 1933-1939 can be assessed to have significantly effected and transformed Germany society socially and culturally.

Their common political origins and disapproval to the Vietnam War played a fundamental role in creating dissent in the United States and Europe (Klimke, 186). Klimke says that because of West Germany’s status in the post-war world as first an occupied nation, and later as a chief Cold War battleground, America was a pivotal player in the culture and foreign policy of the Federal Republic (Klimke, 188-192). Efforts to reeducate Germans into becoming a more democratic nation, Cold War divisions, and what Klimke refers to as “a plethora of personal contacts and networks among Americans and West Germans [that developed in the post war years” intersected in America’s cultural policy towards West Germany (Klimke,

Riefenstahl’s significance as a historical figure can be further seen as a powerful female pioneer. Riefenstahl excelled in a career dominated by men, which transcended Nazi Germany and impacted on an international level, questioning gender roles of the time. She was able to obtain the admiration of Hitler, who viewed her as a great artistic talent, at a time when society confined women to strict roles (Kinder, Kirsch and Kutch). Leni Riefenstahl was able to significantly impact history through challenging gender roles by becoming a female pioneer not only in her field but also in society as a whole by becoming one of the most prominent figures in a male-dominated society.

“Frauen: German Women Recall the Third Reich” by Alison Owings displays interviews with women who lived in Germany during the 1930s to 1940s. The two women in this book, Liselotte Otting and Freya von Moltke discuss their feelings about the Nazi government and their actions, most importantly how they felt about genocide of the Jewish population. Both women discussed their attitude and behavior toward during this time.

German narratives on the holocaust have changed since 1945 propelled by debates during that time along with political developments and distance from historical events. The German population tends to focus on their fate as to idolize their society’s behavior during the holocaust era. Germany’s students have trouble connecting German history to the holocaust.

“Virginian Luxuries” pictures clearly portraits that there are two kinds of persons i.e.; white men and the black people. The white men have possessed the power, and other two black people seem they lack and don’t have any power in front the white men. This picture represents the physical and sexual exploitation of the slaves in the society. The first picture at the left side has shown well-dressed white man kisses to a black woman. But at the right side of the second picture a white man canes a half-naked black man. If we looked in the past era the pictures seem was drawn from the history, which reveals that the white men are on power lawyer and the black people are a slave to those white men. It has shown the clear indication that the white oppressed the black people in the past. In the first left side picture, the black woman is used temporarily for the white man’s pleasure and in the second right side picture, the black man is treated tranny. These two pictures are a clear exemplary to be able to notice the unequal power relationships between the white masters and the black slaves in the past.

Germany dedicates one of its central monuments, the "Neue Wache," or New Guard House, to "the victims of war and tyranny." Inside is a classical statue of a woman cradling her grown, slain son, an enlargement of one of German Chancellor Helmut Kohl 's favorite works. Critics

The Third Reich is one of the most notorious eras of German History. Hitler's reign is remembered as tumultuous times filled with violence, bigotry, and racism. A male-controlled society, the Third Reich relegated women to secondary roles, forcing them into lesser jobs and making them primarily focus on the home. Many traditional studies of the Third Reich ignore women or merely acknowledge them superficially. Once women began to receive a place in the histories, it was only as laborers and mothers. The study of women during the Third Reich took time to evolve. This study focuses on showing the evolution of the scholarship of women during the Third Reich; it utilizes eight texts (one with two parts): four journal articles and four monographs

Born of Irish immigrants in 1823 in a little place called Warren County, New York; Mathew Brady is known as “The Father of Photojournalism.” While a student of Samuel Morse and a friend of Louis Daguerre (inventor of the “Daguerreotype,” a method of photography that the image is developed straight onto a metal coated surface), in which he had met while under the study of Morse, Brady took up his interest in photography in the year of 1839, while only seventeen years of age. Brady took what he had learned from these two talented and intellectual men to America where he furthered his interest in the then-growing art of photography.

The source Hitler’s Furies: German Women in the Nazi Killing Fields is a book written by history professor and author Wendy Lower, and published in October 2013. It focuses on the role of German women in the Nazi genocide and informs people of the female brutality of Nazi women. It contains specific accounts of German women from multiple professioned who witnessed and took part in the Nazi’s need to fulfill Hitler’s prophecy. Lower uses post-Soviet documents, field-studies, and interviews with witnesses to explore the participation of women. This source may prove valuable by challenging the beliefs that German women under the Third Reich were victimized on the home front. It gives historians a perspective that German men and women were more alike than different by playing a much more active role than just massive complicity in the spread of Nazi ideology. However, this source is limited as the author relies heavily on her own narrative

Unemployment was widespread and a whole generation of young Germans was left hopeless and without direction. For many Germans during these terrible times, mere survival was a challenge. This wretched condition is apparent in Heinrich Hauser’s description of Germany’s unemployed who lined the highways, homeless and destitute, with no place to go. As he describes it, “unskilled young people, for the most part… had been unable to find a place for themselves in any city or town in Germany, and… had never had a job and never expected to have one.” Germany had been forced to her knees.