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An Analysis of Donne’s A Valediction: of Weeping Essay

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An Analysis of Donne’s A Valediction: of Weeping

William Empson begins his critical essay on John Donne's "A Valediction: of Weeping" with the statement below. Empson here plays the provocateur for the critic who wishes to disagree with the notion that Donne's intentions were perhaps less than the sincere valediction of a weeping man. Indeed, "A Valediction" concerns a parting; Donne is going to sea and is leaving his nameless, loved other in England, and the "Valediction" is his emotive poesy describing the moment.

"...the language of [A Valediction: of Weeping] is shot through with a suspicion which for once he is too delicate or too preoccupied to state unambiguously, that when he is gone she will be unfaithful to him. …show more content…

In this scenario, Empson's Donne weeps not for his lover, but for the loss of manhood that comes about from being cheated on. It is rational reductionism, then, to say that Donne weeps for his inability to possess the woman, while still feeling possessed by her, so then he is almost put into a servile and "effeminate" position himself. Crying, which is also considered an effeminate affair, undermines Donne's ability to be a man, so there is an undermining bitterness present when one approaches the poem with the proposed unambiguous jealousy. Empson does not hesitate to point out that he does not believe the poem to be absolutely "sincere" in its grief.

An alternate reading of "A Valediction: of Weeping" might offer a more modern approach to the poem. In the first stanza, Donne begins with asking his lover to "Let me pour forth/My tears before thy face." He continues by using a metaphor wherein his lover is a stamping mill, which churns out coins (his tears) which bear her face. His lover has caused his grief and each tear he cries is marked by her influence, but at the same time they are coins, which carry a value to them beyond their own intrinsic values. Donne also says of the coins: "For thus they be/Pregnant of thee." This is a fascinating description of his tears, because Donne reverses gender roles in order to describe something which is emanating from him as "pregnant."

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