Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction & Methodology 2
Background 2
Research Questions 2
• Methodological Approach & Typology 2
• Rationale for Case Study 4
• Limitations 6
• Sources 7
Outline 8
Chapter 2: Justification of Theory 8
• Conceptual framework 8
• Coercion 11
• Self-interest 12
• Legitimacy 14
Chapter 3: Grand Mosque Takeover 15
• Introduction 15
• KSA Literature Review 16
• Establishment of Saudi Arabia 21
• Nexus between Wahhabism and the Saudi State 23
• The Lead Up (Jamaa al-Salafiya al-Muhtasiba) 25
• The Takeover 27
• The Aftermath 29
Conclusion 32
Chapter 1: Introduction & Methodology
Background
Research Questions
• Methodological Approach & Typology
The following thesis adopts a case study methodology, interrogating the nature of the Saudi state in response to the specific event of the Grand Mosque takeover . Through a multifaceted analytical narrative, this paper will study the nature of the Saudi-Wahhabi alliance, focusing on the way in which this symbiotic relationship enabled wide reaching social control during and after the mosque insurgency. Literature on the Grand Mosque takeover has generally limited the event’s significance to a mere illustration of the al-Saud’s instrumentalisation of religion for the purpose of preserving legitimacy . This thesis aims to extend this understanding, by applying a comprehensive social theory framework to the siege. By employing Ian Hurd’s three-tiered framework for social compliance, this thesis will
It answers, as far as it can, questions as “Is Islam against the West?” and “Who defines moderate Islam post 9/11?”. In one of the case studies presented in the book, the author discusses the impact of 9/11 has had on British Muslim Identity, giving an overview of the presence of British Muslims, then looks at 9/11 and the impact it has had on the British Muslim community.
The religion of Islam has become a controversial issue in today’s 21st century. In spite of excessively negative representations by Western propaganda, increasing numbers of the population are pursuing to learn more about the wonderful religion of Islam. More frequently than not, these people are becoming more pleasantly startled by the product of their exploration. In fact, increasing numbers of people are embracing Islam nowadays then they did prior to the horrific attacks on September 11th, 2001; which evoked much attention to misconceptions about Islam and Muslims. Yet, there does endure an abundant amount of misconception and misinterpretations about Islam, frequently invigorated by political policies which reckon their interest’s to patronage Islam 's enemies. Islam is a religion which elucidates the way of life and is the second largest religion after Christianity, with approximately one-fifth of the world 's population and is currently the fastest growing religion. Muslims are existent all around the world and come from diverse nationalities, cultures and races. However, Islam instills that all people are principally equal no matter the differences (colour, class, culture, etc.) as long as they are peaceful and law-abiding citizens. The behaviour of particular erroneous groups or individuals outside mainstream Islam cannot be accredited to Islamic beliefs and practices as correspondingly hostility in North Ireland or illegal mafia activities being attributed
After the events that took place in 2001, the idea that Western Countries declared “war on terror” was proposed and a new awareness of Islam emerged.
The contemporary world of Islam faces an uphill battle defending itself from modern day misconceptions and the forced involvement with geopolitics. Islam struggles with the western world’s perception of the religion and cultural understanding. Modern day Muslims will have to overcome insurmountable hurdles in an attempt to rebuild the diversity and complexity within the Islam faith. Islam is in a constant battle with Western Civilization and its forced power and ideology on the Middle East. The current religious struggle between the Middle East and the West derives from thousands of years of bloodshed and conflict between the worlds three major religions; Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Blood that was shed during a period of holy wars and the ever expanding ruling powers such as Greece and Rome. The candle of hatred burns in modern times with the presences of radical extremist groups like the Taliban and Al-Qaeda that continue to ignite hatred towards the West by manipulating the Qur’an and preaching concepts that conflict with the laws of Islam.
In an article entitled “Ahmed Mohammad, handcuffed for making clock, Is Suing,” Daniel Victor investigates how muslim people are often discriminated and called bombers and terrorists. First, Victor discusses the facts of the case and how Ahmed was arrested. The reading also describes the fact that people often think that the words muslim and terrorist coincide, a form of discrimination. In addition, Victor tells us that Ahmed’s school suspended him, and he was getting countless death threats. Moreover, Victor states that the Mohammad family is suing Ahmed’s high school for falsely getting him arrested. Finally, Victor concludes that Ahmed along with his family moved to Qatar to turn over a new leaf and start a new life free of hatred and discrimination.
“Believers have every right to build their politics on basic religious ideals such as truth, justice and the welfare of all people,” (Viewpoint, 10). They take teachings from the Qur’an and alienate them into radicalized ideas. One of the main branches of Islam, that they use, is Wahhabism. “The faith that drives Osama bin Laden and his followers is a particularly austere and conservative brand of Islam known as Wahhabism, which was instrumental in creating the Saudi monarchy, and if sufficiently alienated, could tear it down,” (Middle East, paragraph 1). They change the lessons into a much stronger and harsher version of what they actually are. “Saudi rulers essentially owe their power to the Wahhabis,” (Middle East, paragraph 15). “Wahhabis believe their faith should spread, not giving ground in any place they have conquered. Thus Saudi Arabia was a main financial backer of the mujahedeen fighting,” (Middle East, paragraph 5). Wahhabism originated from Saudi Arabia and Saudis have very strong beliefs about their faith. They try to expand their religion into other areas in the
‘Temptations OF Power’ is an impressive scholarly work that illustrates the contemporary circumstances of Islamist and Illiberal, uprising movements in the Middle East and North Africa. The book packs Hundreds of interviews with officials of Islamist and illiberal organizations, to advance a new understanding of their political ideologies. Nevertheless, the book gives many stories and details about the political movements in the Arab Nations encountering repression by totalitarian regimes. Moreover, it analyzes the reasons of democratization consequences on other parts of the world excluding Arab Nations. Also, explains various challenges met by the Muslim Brotherhood through different political epochs.
In this paper, I will analyze a film about ISIS and explain how all three theoretical perspectives: Structural functionalism, social conflict, and symbolic interactionism. This film analyzes paper will give the reader in-depth look at ISIS and its sociological concept. On August3, 2014, ISIS went to a village at 2:00 p.m and destroyed a lot of houses in the village. They massacre hundreds of Yazidi men. They took 3,000 women and children captive. Thousands of Yazidis, who survived the ISIS rampage fled to Sinjar Mountains. Khalil and other women explain their story of their experience with ISIS experience and what they believe.
This book’s main focus is essentially the transformation of the land on the Arabian Peninsula due to the American oil explorers who want to exploit the land to gain access to the huge oil reserve that is the Middle East, in this case Saudi Arabia. The Americans are first described as harmless except by Miteb al-Hathal, who senses that they are devils who cannot be trusted and that something bad will happen because of them, which no one believes. It turns out, in the end, that he was right and if the Emir had realized what was going on earlier and actually worked to stop it then things wouldn’t have turned out so bad for the people.
Ever since September 11, 2001 Americans along with the majority of the world’s population have been skeptical of Muslims. It’s a sad reality but it’s hard for people to think of a Muslim without linking them directly to terrorism. But these assumptions aren’t totally out of the blue—the Muslim’s religion, Islam, teaches a low tolerance for other religions and the Islamic government has no separation of church and state, so it’s only normal to assume that their government shall have a low tolerance as well—some however, immediately translate this into terrorism. Through the Islamic government and religion, relations with foreign countries, and separation amongst themselves it can be concluded that Islamic Fundamentalism is clearly a threat
Instead, from its onset, Islam spread as a conquering power and remained that way for some time. Explaining it this way, the reader gets a sense of the psychology behind Islam and why, besides being a religious task, spreading Islam is such a goal. By showing the issues Islam faces today in the context of past Islamic traditions, Lewis paints a much clearer picture of the skewed view today’s radicals have and the way they use history to manipulate. He examines influential Muslim voices like Saddam Hussein and Usama Bin Laden, who have used history to give Islam victim status or to claim the continuance of a predecessor’s mission to not only justify terrorist activities, but also to recruit followers. He tells the history of Bin Laden’s statement referring to the “humiliation and disgrace” Islam supposedly has suffered. What Bin Laden was referring to was the defeat of the Ottoman sultanate in 1918 and the imperial presence of Westerners on sacred Muslim lands. Lewis explains the offense many Muslims take to the desecration of their holy lands by foreigners. He describes how the discovery and exploitation of oil in the Holy Land of the Hijaz has exacerbated the growing resentment many Muslims
So there’s great inequality between the classes.” As the film transpires, we learn about how to Saudi Arabian government handles the erupting protests around the country, with extreme violence and fear mongering. Religious police handle smaller cases in the country with harassment and beatings. With harsher cases, they enforce with public beheadings and jail without trial.
The matter my committee finds of most concern to our goals is by assessing the social orders within Bab el-Oued. Islam is highly impactful within this neighborhood and seems to have greater influence on stability than the local law enforcement. Since the 1988 riots “everyone naturally hates the cops” and therefore do not possess significant control over the area (107). In addition, Said’s gang seemed perceive themselves as the local protectors due to their self-identification as strict practitioners of Islam through their bearded complexions and aggressive attitude with the locals (15). Said was a
In the days after September 11, 2001, American leaders rushed to portray Islam as a peaceful religion that had been "hijacked" by a fanatical band of terrorists. One hopes that these assurances were merely tactical—that nobody was meant to believe them and that they were meant to assure the Muslim world that the inevitable American
A revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests (both violent and non-violent), riots, and civil wars in the Arab World that began on 18 December 2010, later gained the heading “The Arab spring”. The Arab spring began by a twenty six year old boy named Mohammed Bouazizi was getting ready to sell fruits and vegetables in a rural town of Sidi Bouzid Tunisia. Bouazizi was the primary supporter for his widowed mother and six of his siblings. The entire incident originated when the police officer asked bouazizi to hand over his wooden cart, he refused the police women allegedly slapped him after being publicly humiliated bouazizi marched in front of a government building and set himself on fire. The Jasmine revolution in Tunisia, the shock wave swept across the country which threatened the stability of this oil-rich region with repercussion felt internationally. After the world witnessed what happened in Tunisia, it caused a spilled over into most of the Arab countries. Such as Egypt, Libya Syria and Yemen. Aim of this paper is to show that the current situation corollary of decades of failed policies, exacerbated by an unsolicited foreign intervention. The extensive consequences, I will argue, require cautious attention and careful management from international communities as well as the Arab human rights committee. This paper seeks to explore the profound causes that prompted the so called “Arab awakening” and the covert hidden agenda behind the sudden pro democratic