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Analysis of Strict Liability Rule in Dog Bite Cases

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Strict liability arises in the animal context when the animal at issue is either a wild animal or a domestic animal with a known vicious propensity. This principle is the origin of the well-known “one bite” rule for dogs. Strict liability, sometimes called absolute liability, is the legal responsibility for damages, or injury, even if the person found strictly liable was not at fault or negligent. Under a rule of strict liability, proof of causation is a necessary condition for liability. The early common law distinguished between wild and domesticated animals for purposes of imposing liability on their owners. Owners of fierce or wild animals were absolutely liable for harm caused to others. However, owners of domesticated animals, such …show more content…

ISSUE: Was Rossi (defendant) negligent? Did he breach duty of reasonable care? HOLDING: Yes, because dog was responsible for three prior bites when cross-examined by jury and there was no “beware of dogs” sign visible for outsiders on the backyard entry door. ANALYSIS: Pingaro fulfilled the three elements necessary to establish Rossi’s liability under the statute of dog bite law of New Jersey. (i) Rossi was the owner of the dog, (ii) the dog bit the plaintiff and (iii) the bite occurred while plaintiff was lawfully on Rossi’s property. PROCEDURE: A jury award $300,000 in damages to Pingaro for injuries sustained as a result of the dog bite. Under strict liability an injurer’s utility, net of his expected costs will be equal to the measure of social welfare because he will pay for the accident losses he causes; will naturally enjoy the benefits of engaging in his activity and will bear the costs of care. Accordingly, injurers will behave so as to maximize social welfare; they will thus choose both the optimal level of care and the optimal level of activity. More directly, injurers will choose the optimal level of care because doing so will minimize the expected costs they bear each time they engage in their activity. For example, people will walk their dogs only when their utility gain outweighs the disutility of having to leash the dogs and the added

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