Analyzing The Consumers Generating Inter Harmonic Frequencies

A Power system is an connection of generators to load centres. Through H.V. electrical lines & in general is controlled mechanically. It can be divided into 3 subsystems: Generation, X’mission and Distribution-systems. The electric power demand is Growing and building of new generating units & transmission circuits is becoming difficult because of environmental & economic reasons. So, power utilities are forced to depend on utilization of existing generating units and to load existing lines close to their heating limits.

In order to study the tendencies of the primary and secondary coils as they transfer energy through inductive coupling, a system that can aptly demonstrate the process is needed.

Fig.7-a) Total harmonic distortion versus input currents at 1 MHz. b) Total harmonic distortion versus input currents at 100 MHz. c) Total harmonic distortion versus input currents at 1 GHz (various amplitudes of I_x signal and a fixed amplitude of I_y signal).

With the financial support of Andrew Carnegie and Thomas Edison he continuously made great advances in his radio technologies. (“Nikola Tesla.”, 2) Ever since 1887, the AC has been used and is within many machines we use every day, fundamental principles in physics and the basis of nearly all devices that use alternating current (Vujovic). The Alternating-Current Electrical System is the basis of many everyday machines such as lamps and is how businesses and residences receive electric

Figure.12 THD of input current at full load showing (a) third and (b) fifth harmonics.

studied by the Electric Power Research Institute, the federal national labs, and others, with some

The alternating current induces a shifting magnetic field, which creates different temporary poles at timed intervals. Due to the positioning of the semiconducting magnets and creation of the different electromagnetic forces, the like pole tend to push while the unlike poles attract, therefore, causing motion in the direction dictated by the alternating current (Funk and Getsla, 2006).

Rather than flowing in one direction, they transfer from one atom to another changing direction, back and forth, constantly creating a sine function. Due to the change in direction of the electrons, the direction of current and the voltage of the circuit reverse itself.1 Alternating current is currently generated at power stations by rotating a coil wire inside a large magnet (figure 1). As one pole of the magnet nears the coil, a current is produced within the coil.10 This current will grow to a maximum before decreasing as the magnetic pole moves further away producing a sine function. When the opposite end of the pole approaches the coil, the current produced inside the coil is reversed.10 Generally the frequency of the AC sine wave is either 50 or 60 hertz while the period is always 360° when expressed as a measurement.12 Located in the appendix is a diagram of AC sine wave in relation to the coil angle (figure

Since the beginning, people have requested that Majestic Transformers create or fabricate a broad range of rectifier power supplies to distribute as a part of their application. Some of these units are as simple as fitting a bridge rectifier onto the output winding of a single phase or three phase transformer, while others are complicated. They involve using variable transformers, meters, line insulation monitors, and smoothing circuits ranging up to 7000A and injecting a current into railway conduction rail systems for testing, up to 5kV for running and testing high voltage

To measure the similarity of each two successive cycles for the same electrical signal (current/voltage/power), the author proposes to apply the correlation concept [21-24]. The correlation coefficient (r) is computed between a window with a certain number of samples (m) in a signal (X) and another window with the same number of samples in the same signal but shifted from each other by a time interval of hΔt, where m is the number of samples per window, h is the number of samples between the two windows which are shifted from each other and Δt is the sampling interval time. Equation (1) shows the correlation coefficient (r) for signal X. When hΔt = 0, then h =0 and the correlation function (r) calculated between the two same windows of signal Xk is unity.

From analyzing the above diagram it can be seen that the above statements can be perceived in a far clearer manor as the effect of the induced emf can be understood far more easily.

This lab is performed to analyze and understand Faraday 's law of electromagnetic induction and also its application in different magnetic components using Faraday 's Electromagnetic Lab simulation software 2.07. In this lab we understand the properties of the bar magnet, the basic electromagnet and also the electromagnetic induction in transformers. In the basic electromagnet, we observe the movement of the electronics both in AC and DC current source and compare the movement of electronics in those conditions. For better understanding of the electromagnetic induction in transformers, we observe the brightness of the bulb by changing the number of the loops in the coil, varying the magnitudes of the input ac current and also varying frequency.

Noise analysis was performed at three locations: offices, Laboratories and control rooms near turbine in three electric power stations ( Shupra Elkhiema, Cairo west and Cairo south) . Noise parameters were determined (e.g: LAeq,T, LCeq,T, LC-LA and noise climate L10-L90 for each measurement location. The start of measurements was in Shopra Elkhiema electrical power station, Figure 1 shows the noise spectra measured at control rooms, laboratories and offices within frequency range of 16-250Hz. The low frequency noises that causes complaints in control rooms, laboratories and offices is usually generated from the air conditioning or ventilation system, turbines, transformers and water pumps which presents in the station. Table 3 shows the measurement parameters selected for the study of low frequency noise in station. The acoustic pressure at 50 Hz is due to air conditioning which is audible especially in the control room because it exceeds 50dB. Also, in some offices the sound of air condition cause annoyance and cause worker complaints. Both control rooms and laboratory located near turbine. Also, the building which contains offices located near water pumps.

Frequency is inversely proportional to time, F = T1 , so Fc = N1∆t, where Fc is

Different detection methods for harmonic distortion already exist, but the following shortage make them did not reflect fully the influence of harmonic on distribution system [4]: