Prior to 600 CE, the unique civilizations discussed exerted their power in many different ways. Some of them, like India and the Chinese Qin Dynasty, enforced their rule using religion, while others, like Rome, Chinese Han Dynasty, and Greece sought to rule using more legal or philosophical methods.
Documents 1 and 2 refer to the Persian and Greek governments. Though both did have a major religious system, they acquired and exerted their power through more secularist methods. Persia relied on military conquest to rule, being defined as a barbaric and violent race that striked fear into its enemies. Greece, though famed for the gods and goddesses of its religion, was the birthplace of democracy, where loyalty to country and equality, at least
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Document 3 talks about Chia during the Qi Dynasty, when Legalism was introduced. It could be argued that Legalism relied on preserving the law and harsh punishment for doing otherwise, but it was supported by the Mandate of Heaven, where people believed that rulers had been given their position by heaven and were enlightened, thus enforcing their rule. The Rock Edicts of India, discussed in document 4, were highly influential narrative histories that helped the spread of Buddhism, a world religion still practiced today.
Epic poems, like those of Homer and Ramayana and religious texts, like Upanishads, could be useful additional sources of information because these could show what people thought regarding gender, race, religion, and social class as it is represented in the characters of stories or mandated in religious teachings. These types of texts not only reflected what people thought but also influenced them.
The empires all shared some similarities and obviously many differences, but all tried to find ordered and successful nations in troubled times through different methods, sometimes religious, sometimes philosophical, sometimes
1. Sinification is the Chinese influence in other regions. Chinese culture is adopted into another country and is spread widely. Sinification was common in Japan and Korea, but a little less common in Vietnam. 2.
In China during 406-221 BCE, the battling states between the Zhou and the Han Dynasties? were in a state of governmental disorder. Although the era was in a disruptive state, it ushered in a cultural opening that left a long lasting imprint on the Chinese history. As a result, three major belief systems surfaced Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism in an attempt to achieve a sense of political order in a disorder period. There are distinctions in the way each of the belief systems approached the many problems that plagued the Chinese society. First, all of the founders were contemporaries in China. As well as considered philosophies, who studied the future, and sat out to focus on the present rather than the past. In contrast, Confucianism, Daoism and Legalism established various paths in search of an optimistic future for the success of China. Second, both Legalism and Confucianism developed a social belief system, but are considered a religion. However, both Legalism and Confucianism purpose was to create an orderly society in the hopes of prosperity. In contrast, Daoism does
All empires were brought together by conquest and funded in part by extracting wealth from conquered peoples.
I will be discussing the contact between various civilizations between 800 AD to 1400 AD. I will be looking closely at documents one, two, four and five. Document one discusses the trade in East Africa and the tribe the Zanj that live there. In Document four it discusses the trade goods in Gujarat India. Document two discusses the Jewish merchants. Document five is written by a Muslim traveler and he is talking about the journey from Zaya to Maqdasha. All of these documents talk about travel and trade between various civilizations between 800 AD to 1400 AD.
In May of 1854 the Kansas-Nebraska act bill was passed by the U.S Congress. The bill was introduced by Senator Stephen A. Douglas (Discovering our Past; The History of the United States Early Years p.431 and 432). The bill gives the people of Kansas and Nebraska territory popular sovereignty. Popular sovereignty is letting the people of the Kansas and Nebraska territory choose whether to allow slavery or not. The textbook(Discovering our Past; The History of the United States Early Years p. 432) states that “Douglas hoped to make his plans acceptable to both the North and South. He propose repealing the Missouri Compromise and letting the voters in each territory vote on whether or not to allow slavery” (notes) Kansas with slavery would
Religion and economics influenced the development of medieval Europe and Japan through Religious pastors, trade routs that went different places, pastors that went on trade expeditions, and leaders that put their own spin on society.
The Qin Dynasty had really big area, and also had Huns came into the Qin area to invade, so if they wanted to rule a big country, they needed a perfectly strict legal system. Firstly, the Qin emperor needed to rule the thought. So the Qin government burned books. In the Qin Dynasty, they had a philosophy called legalism. Legalism is the belief in a strong government with complete control over every aspect of the people’s lives(Peralta).
During the ancient times each civilization had their own views on how they wanted their society to be and what they believed in. For every individual there was a different meaning of what it meant to be human depending on their way of life and the practices they follow. Every civilization whether it is Rome, Mesopotamia, Greece, etc worshiped a God or many Gods and had their own way of thinking about the supernatural. Two ancient civilizations that had different views on government and religion are the Ancient Hebrews and Ancient Greeks. The Greeks were polytheistic and had an aristocracy and democracy and the Hebrews were monotheistic and were ruled by a monarchy.
With the changes of dynasties, religion “trends” would also change, according to the new power’s beliefs and needs. Thus, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism would rise and fall according to each different empire. For example, during the Han period, Confucianism was adopted as state policy and Buddhism and Daoism were then banned.
Although different, both beliefs had the support of a government. There are many differences between the empires of Persia and Rome. The empires had different views
The different belief systems allowed for rulers to maintain power in their empires. The systems would enforce their right to rule. For example, Alexander the Great affirmed the divinity of his rule to the Egyptians when an oracle confirmed that he was the son of Zeus Amon. As the Mauryan Empire reached its peak, when Buddhism was adopted as the official religion. It was essential to maintaining imperial unity. In addition, Ashoka declared himself to be a universal monarch. Inscriptions of decrees issued by Ashoka during his reign show the use of Buddhism as a sanction for rule. For the Guptas, Hinduism allowed for there to be more powerful sanctions for the reign of the kings and the validation of the caste system. The success of the Qin dynasty
Both the Chinese and the Mesopotamians had strict legislations concerning the requirements that an individual needed to meet in order to be accepted as the nation's leader. The two societies believed that divinity played an essential role in assisting a leader as he or she came to rule over them and that it would be wrong for them to accept a leader as long as he or she does not have strong connections with Gods. Even with this, they did not consider their leaders to be divine themselves, as they were simple people who were appreciated by the gods and provided with the right to rule over China and Mesopotamia.
The Qin Empire, known for its belief in Legalism, was one of many empires that did not last very long. Existing for about 15 years, the emperor used Legalistic policies to enforce ideas that humans were stupid and problems—solutions, therefore, could only be found through discipline and punishment. Such harsh practices, no doubt, served as a trial to the people and severely hindered the Empire’s ability to function properly.
The ancient period knew many great leaders and benefited by the brains that started the same government and basis for education we have today, along with many other things. Europe had one of the best military leaders know as Alexander the Great but he doesn't stand alone for being known as a great leader. Han Wudi was arguably the best ruler China will ever see. He led China through its greatest expansion and brought it to its peak which no other ruler was able to obtain. Through this essay I will cover the political, social, and religious practices of Europe and Asia. I will also compare and contrast the differences of each region. The ancient period has benefited all civilizations to come afterwards by providing a working base through trial and error.
The Ancient Kingdoms of Egypt and Mesopotamia ruled by way of divine monarchy; each ruler claimed complete legal, civil and