Apa Guidlines

In the narrative autobiography "Shame" written by Dick Gregory, the author introduces a past experience that exposed the meaning of shame and connects with readers by using tones and pathos. With the speaker being his 7 year old self, and going through an event where his personal life was brought out abruptly in front of someone he liked caused him to see the way he was living, in poverty, to be shameful. The tone changes from being naïve and lighthearted to alienated along with ashamed from embarrassment of his situation and his struggle brought to light inconsiderately. In the second paragraph Gregory recalls of Helene, and his efforts to look nice for her, he confesses, " I brushed my hair and even got me a little old handkerchief.", just

Research was conducted by Wiklander, Samuelsson, Jokinen, Nilsonne, Wilczek, Rylander, and Asberg (2012) on the relationship between shame-proneness and suicide attempt. The introduction mentions that the researchers wanted to explore whether or not shame proneness was a stable tendency for attempted suicide. According to Wiklander, et al. (2012), when individuals encounter situations of failure, they typically experience shame. The researchers define shame as "an aversive affective state paired with a negative evaluation of the entire self" (Lewis, 1971; Tangney, Stuewig, & Mashek, 2007; Lindsay-Hatz, 1984 as cited by Wiklander, et al., 2012).

What is shame? Shame is a painful feeling of humiliation or distress caused by the consciousness of wrong or foolish behavior. “Shame” written by Dick Gregory, gives the reader an inside look on how shame and poverty can make an impact on someone. In this story, Dick Gregory writes it about a young boy named Richard Gregory. Gregory is a poor boy who also happens to be fatherless. He attends school, but only to see the girl he really likes, Helene. Helene is the opposite of Gregory. She is well taken care of, smart in school, and always has clean clothes. This leaves him feeling as if he needs to compete. Unlike Helene, Gregory melts the ice from the grocery so he could wash his clothes for school the next day. His behavior didn't match the other kids for reasons such as, not having a full meal to function on, and working an after school job shining shoes to get some extra change. When the time came around for children to donate their father's money to the community chest, Richard Gregory wanted to outbid everyone, especially Helene. When the teacher got around the room asking who’d like to pledge money, he offered, but the teacher got upset with him. She stated the charity work is for “Him and his kind” and pointed out that he does not even have a daddy. This brings the shame feeling to Gregory. Shame can come in many different ways. In today's time, one of the biggest forms of shame, is body shame. Body shaming is the practice of making critical, potentially humiliating comments about an individual's size or weight. Body shaming, and every other form of shaming is wrong, and is not suitable for anyone's lifestyle. Although spreading negativity can bring one down, there are pros(as well as cons) to being shamed.

Shame results from a sense of felt defectiveness (Stewart, 2009, p. 95). People have shame when they believe they doing or did something wrong. People feel shame when they take part in something they regret and can never take back. In their mind, this act can render them defective or be seen as less than, which results in them feeling even worse about themselves. Shame can lead to a downward spiral of negative thought and feelings about oneself, which is not an effective way to live one’s life. More importantly, people strive to protect themselves against shame and when shame is felt communication is directly affected (Stewart, 2009, p. 95). Individuals do not want to feel as though they are doing something

I watched two TEDtalks related to my book. The first one was called Listening to Shame. In the video Brené Brown, the author, talked about what people thought about shame and how it made them feel. She also explained what the definition of shame is and how it affected people. Brown told stories about shame and how everybody has a little built up inside of them. To help people coping with shame, she said it is good to practice resilience and to talk about it with people you trust. Also, I watched this video called The Power of Vulnerability. In this video Brown talked more on how shame and vulnerability are connected. She said shame is the fear of feeling disconnected and vulnerability

Shame is an emotion that most humans experience. It may be highly destructive if a person is troubled by shame. Even result in substance abuse for solace lead them to an addiction and all the misery that shame entails. Those in recovery may escape alcohol or drugs and substance abuse with problems still feel shame and eventually it may hinder or interfere with their recovery. Therefore it is vital that people learn to handle this negative emotion. Shame a highly destructive to a person’s self- esteem emotion since it may lead to maladaptive behavior, alike eating disorders, addictions, and social paranoia’s, and sexual abuse. It also causes living in fear, limitations, potentially unhealthy relationships, and denial from seeking help. Often

The outcome of shame punishments is debated among the community. There is no definitive evidence, but supporters of shame punishments claim that this method of justice has a much longer lasting impact on a person’s life than prison. They argue that humiliation imprints itself in

The article then discusses the narrative theory, a recovery approach. This method of therapy is used to reduce shame and guilt, using a non-pathologizing informed approach to turn negative symptoms into a coping strategy. The narrative helps

Shame should never be used to advert someone's behavior, yet still, in this time period the practice is a daily experience that humans go through. In fact, if someone were to claim that they’ve never felt shamed by an action, words, or even a thought, they would be lying. Coming of age requires for people to regret certain decisions, after all, learning is about making mistakes, but for anyone to purposeful embarrass someone and then say that it’s for a “general good of the community” is inhumane and cruel. Feeling bad restricts people from overcoming obstacles and from creating a good out of a situation.

Tangney, Stuewig, and Mashek (2007) noted that high shame-prone individuals were more vulnerable to practical and significant experiences of shame as compared to their less shame-prone counterparts. These characters were more likely to experience shame as a result of the disappointments they have encountered in the past. The study further argued that those who experienced a lesser amount of shame were less likely to engage in direct, indirect, or displaced aggression when angered. While those who encountered a higher level of shame were more likely to be involved in hostile behavior. And at such, high shame-prone individuals became more vulnerable to peer influences than those who were less exposed to the shame stigma.

Shame is philosophically understood to be a critical point in a person 's moral development. A mature moral agent has their own standards and self evaluates on shame based on relevant criticisms. Cheshire Calhoun argues the position that one feel shame while still being a morally developed agent. This is in contrast to some of additional theories in the field such as the ‘Moral Pioneer’ and ‘Socially Discriminating Actor’, which hold that shame stems from to the individual 's appraisal of externals criticisms. These differences arise from trying to understand if a mature moral agent could feel shame in relation to another 's criticisms which they do not agree with, but agree with on some framework level. I personally agree with much of Cheshire Calhoun 's conclusions on the matter which demonstrate an understanding of the social practicality of group values and communal expectations. This allows shame to be experienced in a situation where another colleague could bring in social factors which would influence a shame response due to subordinate identities that should be factored for in the situation. The differences I have with Calhoun arise when we factor for the internet and the roles of social interaction that are simultaneously real and artificial which demands a redefining of terms. I agree that shame cannot be understood outside its social circumstances without delimiting its importance.

Society. For such a small word, it has a huge impact on everyone living under its realm. For centuries, society has been a large role in everyone’s lives, controlling actions, thoughts, beliefs, and people themselves. The public eye is, and has been, meticulous and judging. For the people under the spotlight and in the eyes of the people, this concept is insidious and cruel; the thought of crawling back under the curtain is a dream. For most circumstances, people receive negative attention, their mistakes being an impetus for the people’s judgements. Author Nathaniel Hawthorne, Leon Neal, and Monica Lewinsky understand the paramount impact that public shame has on a person through their stories and knowledge of this immoral idea. Although one may argue that public shame may benefit a person, its serious psychological harm and its negative, perpetuating effects makes this age-old tradition better off left in the past.

In the study of Van Vliet (2010) on shame and resilience, it says that shame, if experience by an individual, can be associated with mental health problems such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicidal behavior. The study employs 13 adult individuals and they are asked to recall events in their lives that may have brought them feelings of shame. This study aims to point out that resilience is very important when an individual is dealing with debilitating emotions. Results show that the respondents considers shame as an attack to oneself that could affect their social connection and self-concept. The respondents’ sense of control over themselves as well as with others is threatened to collapse. The study shows that the respondents are able to bounce back with this adversity by employing techniques that could help rebuild themselves such as connecting, refocusing, accepting, understanding, and resisting. The help of counselling is also seen by the researcher in helping the people manifest their

Furthermore rape caused psychological trauma which is described as causing self-blame and shame upon self. A foremost researcher on the psychological roots and results of shame, June Tangney lists five ways shame can be damaging: which includes lack of enthusiasm to seek care; lack of responsiveness; excluding themselves from other societies; anger and violence which affect victim’s routine and lives. Ruberg (2013) has suggested that historians have focused too much on debates constructed by psychologists and sexologists and have paid too little attention to the coexistence of several medical discourses to help

The word shame has its origins in the French Teutonic root “skam” and the pre-Teutonic root “skem” which means “covering oneself”. A wide variety of shame theories are rooted in different schools of thought. Shame can be conceptualized and studied in terms of its components and mechanisms. It can be examined in terms of emotion (e.g., as a primary affect in its own right, as an auxiliary emotion, or as a composite of other emotions such as fear, anger, or self disgust); cognitions and beliefs about the self ( e.g., that one is and/or is seen by others to be inferior, flawed, etc.); behaviors and actions(e.g., such as running away, hiding and concealing, or attacking others to cover one’s shame); evolved mechanisms(e.g., the expression of shame seems to use similar biobehavioral systems to those of animals expressing submissive behavior); and interpersonal dynamic interrelationships.