Application Of A Computer Arrangement

The fourth considers the shift made, From ARPANET to Internet approaching defense and research. The fifth section covers The Internet in the Arena of International Standards. The final section, Popularizing the Internet, shows the beginning of the wide spread of the Internet but before Internet connectivity becomes popular at the personal level. All things considered, the book states the expansions in Internet history between 1959 and 1991, with some proceedings to 1994.

Currently, computers are used for everything in life. For example, from researching for a large essay project to playing video games with friends. “From the outset, computers were weighed for both military and commercial significance, and hence they straddled the very institutional boundaries that central to this study. It is also significant that computers became valuable research instruments in nearly all disciplines.” (Akera, 2). The first digital computer was constructed in 1946 by John Mauchly, a professor, and Presper Eckert, an inventor. “They met by chance in 1941 at the University of Pennsylvania’s Moore School of Engineering. They soon developed a revolutionary vision: to use electricity as a means of computing--in other words, to make electricity "think."” (McCartney, 1). They were ignored by their colleagues, but in 1943 they were becoming more well known and was funded by the U.S Army. The U.S Army was seeking for a contraption that can quickly calculate ballistic missile trajectories in wartime Europe and Africa (McCartney, 1). John Mauchly and Presper Eckert led a team that constructed the computer that occupied 1,800 square feet and weighed thirty tons. They named the large computer, ENIAC, Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. The process of building this machine was not an effortless task, Mauchly and Presper and their team had to overcome many problems

It is important to know the history of the internet. The internet is a worldwide network of computer systems that are connected to each other by cables (Howe, 2012). The internet first started out as a military experiment. In 1957, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was created by the United States department of Defense (Computer History Museum, 2004). The project was started after the Russians launched a satellite into space for communication reasons. The satellite was called SPUTNIK (Computer History Museum, 2004). It was rumored that President Eisenhower got worried and decided to get the United States to launch its own satellite. They recruited Dr. Joseph C. Licklider of MIT, was made head of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO)(Computer History Museum, 2004). Their purpose of the project was to focus on improving the military use of computer information.

Today, computers are found everywhere and people rely upon them for travel directions, entertainment, purchasing products, and social interactions.

The origin of the computer resides with the military. The computer itself was created by the military during the Cold War era, when we were in a technological race with Russia. This race was the fuel for massive advancements in technology especially in the sector of computer intelligence. The first Computer’s were physically large enough to fill an entire room. They were used to manage large quantities of data in textual and numerical form. The government backed certain research facilities in the advancement of the computer and some investigated and experimented in computer technology with art and music. 1

Overall, the book tells us about the people involved the making of the Internet. Through the efforts of these geniuses, we see that the work on the "Arpanet" and Internet, as in the rest of the field of computing, was a team effort, with contributions from many individuals and organizations. And, as stated earlier, this effort also had much government support. Thus, many people and institutions were responsible in the making of this incredible instrument of computer technology.

An innovative era of technological advancements and radical new concepts swept the nation by storm. The revolution was steered by a collaboration of boundless minds and problem solvers. Through a series of trial and error, computers were transformed from small sprockets and motors to machines that could unravel most of society’s problems. In 1946, Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, two military commissioned American inventors, constructed one of the world’s first computers using vacuums and enormous air conditioners. The two men started an industry in machine processing speed and power. Eckert and Mauchly’s invention defined all new aspects of the future. By the 1950s computers were a public attraction; they were being used for military purposes, business management, and the advancement of networking.

network (ARPANET) meant to promote the sharing of super-computers amongst researchers in the United States.” (Kristula, pg 68). Through the next couple years there were talks of about how this network could come into the cooperate world. In 1969 researchers at four US campuses created the first hosts of the ARPANET. They connected the Stanford Research Institute, UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah. The ARPANET was a success from the very beginning. Although originally designed to allow scientists to share data and access remote computers, email quickly became the most popular application. The ARPANET became a high-speed digital post office as people use it to collaborate on research projects and discuss topics of various interests. In 1971 the ARPANET grows to 23 hosts connecting universities and government research centers around the country. In 1972, the Inter-Networking Working Group becomes

They saw a great potential value of Internet in scientific and military field, and sharing the informations. J.C.R. Licklider of MIT was one of the visionary people. He’s the first one who proposed the global network. Then the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) took over the program of developing global network at late 1962 with MIT and University of California at Los Angeles. At 1965, they connected a Massachusetts’ computer with a California computer which was a big progress. Robert moved to DARPA and started his plan for ARPANET which was the real start of the Internet’s life. At 1969, during the Cold War, the program’s purpose changed to "to aid researchers in the process of sharing information, and not coincidentally to study how communications could be maintained in the event of nuclear attack". Fortunately, with the developed of Internet technique. It’s usage became wider. Like later the emergence of ARPANET include many usages such as file transfer, sent e-mail, and even online discuss. In 1973, APRA continued a program named “Internetting Project” for "to develop communication protocols which would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks". The development of Internet had never stopped. By 1980s, private could use Internet which we called “TCP/IP”, and it was funded by National

In order to help grandmother Rosanna in her decision to purchase a computer that will be beneficial to interact with her grandchildren, I assume it would be appropriate to give her my assistance. I choose to provide her with some explanation of key computer terms. For a better way to help her easily understand, I classify them into three themes; computer, cyberspace, and online correspondence.

Perhaps one of the greatest inventions of out time is the Internet. Without a doubt, the net has had a profound effect on almost every aspect of our lives. The formation of the Internet has changed the way we do business, communicate, entertain, retrieve information, and even educate ourselves. Nevertheless, the Internet might have never materialized if it had not been for some innovated thinkers from the Advanced Research Project Agency, who created "ARPANET." In collaboration with several educational and research institutions, the agency created the packet-switching technologies that form the basis of the Internet today.

In the early 1960s a computer scientist called J. C. R. Licklider proposed “the concept of a Galactic Network”. Investintech (2009) Licklider could see that having access to things like software, digital libraries and banking all on a global network could be revolutionary. This idea of a global network of computers “ultimately led to the creation of the ARPANET”. Raychel Rappold (2014) The ARPANET, which is

A computer is an electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A computer is composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations. Hardware is the physical equipment of a computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), data-storage devices, terminals, printer, etc. Software is a program or set of instructions or rules that control the operation of a computer.

A computer network is a network that consist of two or more computers that are able to share information between them or their users. There are a large variety of different networks and the advantages or disadvantages are strongly related to the type of network we choose.

The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 60.38% which is much higher than the cost of capital of 14.5%., and the higher a project's internal rate of return, the more desirable it is to undertake the project. The profitability index would be 4.95 which is much greater than 1, and whenever the profitability index reaches a number above 1 the project should be accepted. Even if the company is interested in selling the Bernoulli division it would still increase the value of the division if they were to make the investment now and sell it later on. As we had mentioned above the opportunity cost of capital is only 14.5%, but the aforementioned benefits from the investment are much higher. Even thought the management is a bit weary of this investment, if the sales projections are correct then the additional investment will definitely turn around this division.