Application Of Sensor From Petroleum Industry Essay

The content of these pipelines is essential to the society but it is often under pressures which present a real danger to life and property. All Humankind are living with the presence of an unseen danger which could have catastrophic consequences such as the leaking that have been experienced in recent years in Russia and many oil producing countries that led to environmental disasters because of corrosion. So, to ensure the reliability of the pipelines, which ensures the safety of people and the content of these pipelines, corrosion controlling technology should be presented and studied. This shows the importance of corrosion monitoring (Alexander, 2007). Another source estimates the cost of corrosion in the USA alone as 276 billion dollars yearly and implies that the current study of corrosion control showed that technological changes have provided many new ways to prevent corrosion. The source suggests that all industrial facilities should put their hand together and try to develop and carry out a national agenda to reduce the economic impact of corrosion. And says that there is no simple solution or single strategy that will accomplish this goal; rather, progress can be made on several fronts, any of which will have significant benefits (Cost of Corrosion, 2010).

A discovery of a more effective route of determining individual properties within petroleum products was observed: the luminescence method (natural water and a UV light) (pp. 1122).

Petroleum is a thick and flammable mixture of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons that occurs naturally beneath the earth’s surface. It can be separated into fractions including natural gas fuels, lubricating oils and so on. There are some major oil producing regions around the globe. Kuwait and Saudi Arabia’s crude oil fields are the largest. But in Texas, the former world’s major oil region is now almost completely dry. The real catalyst for petroleum production is World War I. It is being produced in large amount during the war. Petroleum is a commercial product in this modern era. Sometimes, petroleum and crude oil are used to mean the same thing, or in other words, petroleum products after crude oil is refined in a factory. There are

Oil is a very important fossil fuel that is used for various sources of energy. Oil supplies power to industries, fuel for transportation, heat for buildings, and provides raw material for plastics, paints, textiles, and other materials (hybrid cars). To access this fossil fuel, oil drilling is used. Land-based oil drilling became less productive and as the global stipulation for energy increased, technology, law, and geology impacts stepped in and pushed the exploration of oil away from shores (CITE). With its historical background, offshore oil drilling is one of the most important aspects of today’s economy although we are faced with its risks and consequences, such as the BP Deepwater Horizon explosion of the Gulf of Mexico.

A petroleum system is a system that includes a pod of some active source rock with their very nature genetically related to build up and accumulation of oil and gas. Petroleum system includes geological elements, as well as the processes, which are crucial and essential for the existence of oil and gas accumulation. Petroleum is a compound that is made up of high concentrations of biological and thermal hydrocarbon gaseous components that are contained in conventional reservoirs, tight reservoirs, fractured shale, gas hydrates, as well as coal. It also includes high concentrations of condensates, crude oils, and natural bitumen in the reservoirs, and generally in carbonate and siliciclastic rocks. In this view, we may describe a system as an interdependence of elements as well as processes, which form the very functional unit that gives rise to the hydrocarbon accumulations (Mancini, Parcell, Puckett, & Benson, 2003).

Even though offshore oil drilling may increase the national budget of a nation, it destroys the environment in return by contaminating water. If oil spills are not prevented, than humans and animals will be killed by drinking the contaminated water. When oil is drilled from under the ocean, other substances including mercury, arsenic, and lead are also brought up into the water. This is serous because these substances are all fatal to sea creatures. Seismic waves are used to find oil underwater, but they confuse and harm many different sea

Every oil or gas well has at least a short pipeline system to a holding tank, and many connect to long-distance pipelines that pump products for hundreds or even thousands of miles to ports or refineries. Refineries, of course, are a complex maze of piping systems that funnel raw and finished petroleum products through various processes to sea transport or tanker trucks. Pipe layers and pipeline welders are the professionals who build and repair these pipeline systems.

Instrumentation is defined as the art and science of measurement and control which is considered as working with instruments used to measure, record, and control process variables (for examples, fluid level and flow, temperature, and pressure). Control and measurement systems are very widely used in the petroleum product (oil and gas) industries, chemical and fertilizer industry, the pulp and paper industry, power generation, food processing and several other complex process. Control systems have attained significant applications in automotive industrial processes for the improved productivity, conserved entry, and reduced pollution. Instrumentation and control systems continue to be an extremely important field of technology with the rapid growth of industrial sector.

The industry is highly competitive and typically have thin profit margin and is very sensitive to volatility of crude oil price and general economy condition in terms of revenue and profitability. As the crude oil price is projected to increase in the next five years, this could potentially have positive impact on company revenue, yet due to the lag between the movement of crude oil price and that of the gasoline, as well as the ability of the company to

Petroleum geologists are scientists who focus on the exploration, identification, estimation and extraction of oil and natural gas buried under the earth. They are also responsible for the discovery and exploitation of other combustible resources. The decision to drill a site is entirely theirs along with the determination of its economic viability

The crude oil industry has become prominent since mid 19th century. Ever since the Industrial Revolution, the development of drilling methods has brought oil into a drastically larger extent of mass production. Petroleum is one of the important extracted compositions of crude oil in the U.S. Until today, it is globally used mainly as fuels in transportation. Other uses include heating homes, powering industry, and providing raw material for plastic manufacturing. The great importance of oil to the country has led to the exploitation of its resources in the past century. Not only exploiting land resources, the government

The extraction of petroleum takes place on land with drilling rigs and offshore via drill ships and semi-submersibles for deep

To check for leaks, we must first carry out a pressure test, and then we use a type of gas detector known as a gas sniffer. It is a highly efficient piece of machinery and a very sensitive tester and can detect the presence of methane and other natural gasses.

Engineering is key in modern society today and we strive to make everything better and better each day. One of the most highly credited fields of engineering would have to be none other than Petroleum Engineering. An education in petroleum engineering provides a wide spectrum of specialties to keep the industry running. These are reservoir engineering, drilling engineering, and production engineering to name a few. A reservoir engineer determines the oil in place and devises the most appropriate technology to produce the oil within the prevailing economic environment. Advanced reservoir simulators provide computer models that could predict the performance of the recovery techniques over a period of many years in future. Reservoir engineers

Discussion point 1: In order to explore for oil and natural gas deep under the surface of the earth Chevron uses seismic technology. Oil and Natural gas are mostly found in reservoir rocks. In order to find the reservoirs Chevron employs seismic technology by sending the sound waves deep inside the earth and using geophones listening to the bounced back waves. Geophones are devices, which are used as electronic ears, which records the signal when the sound comes back from earth. The sound bounced back and signal looks like a squiggle. When numerous squiggles are placed serially inline. We can see the structures, which have a slice or cross section of the earth. And after collecting the seismic data geologists, data engineers work on interpreting the seismic data to find the formations and structures, which holds oil and natural gas reservoirs. And finally field team will drill the specific locations according to the geologists report. Chevron has 50 percent success rate in finding the oil and natural gas using seismic technology.