Are there any advantages to thigpen and cleckley’s study over freuds is way of working with patients?
Freud’s study, Analysis of a phobia in a five-year old boy, is the account of the treatment of little Hans; a five year old boy who had been suffering form anxiety that led to a number of phobias. Freud uses this case study as strong support for his psychoanalytic ideas concerning; the unconscious determinism, psychosexual development, the Oedipus complex, the cause of phobias and psychoanalytic therapy itself. Little Hans was analyzed and treated though his father (a strong believer of Freud’s ideas) .who based his reports of little Hans’s behavior and statements. His treatment was achieved by inferring the unconscious causes of
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Where els in
Thigpen and cleckley’s study there was no prior relationship between researcher and patient
This can be seen as a very relevant advantage.
Another advantage to thigpen and cleckley’s study is that there where 2 people doing the research as opposed to one (the case with little Hans) (one might argue that there where two people in Freud’s study, but as prior stated In that particular case it is seen to be more of a disadvantage than an advantage) this would lead to a more accurate and detailed study because there where more that 1 person doing the research and observing the patient. And hence the results of the study are likely to be more objective.
Probably the main advantage to account of the treatment of however is the amount of qualitative data that they obtained about eve white, and in particular their use of modern technology to do so. Where els in Freud’s time the technology available to psychiatrists in thigpen and cleckley’s time, simply did not exist, there for giving thigpen and cleckley the upper hand.
In
Psychoanalysis created by Sigmund Freud is much like Individual therapy in the sense that it will explore the past and how any past circumstances are effecting the now adult. This therapy will last as long as the client needs the support of the counselor and relies on the client’s full participation. In this form of therapy the counselor will participate in guiding the client thru the unconscious mind to and find how it may be contributing to thoughts and behaviors that are causing the client distress. Like analytical therapy psychoanalysis will cover a variety of issues including psychosexual, compulsive, and depressive disorders. According to Haggerty, J. (2006) “The essence of Freud’s theory is that sexual and aggressive energies originating in the id (or unconscious) are modulated by the ego, which is a set of functions that moderates between the id and external reality. Defense mechanisms are constructions of the ego that operate to minimize pain and to maintain psychic equilibrium. The superego, formed during latency (between age 5 and puberty), operates to control id drives
Psychoanalysis is a therapy of psychological theory that aims to treat mental illnesses based on the concepts of Sigmund Freud, who emphasized the importance of free association and dream analysis. The model of psychoanalysis aim is to release repressed emotion and experiences, by making unconscious thoughts, conscious. The fundamental principles of psychoanalysis are practiced by putting an emphasis on the patient to gain insight into the origins of their respective problems like a patient presenting symptoms of anxiety would be encouraged by a licensed professional to explore their past, in hopes of discovering problems that manifested the anxiety. The anxiety created may be a defense mechanism directed towards displacement in their world.
Following the publication of Freud’s ‘Papers on Technique’ between 1912 and 1917, there have been papers and symposia on the subject. Four symposia in 1937, 1948, 1958, and 1961 were devoted to the examination of therapeutic results of psychoanalysis, the mechanisms behind its curative factors, variations in technique and the ego-psychological approach to interpretations (Rosenfeld, 1972, 454). In 1934, James Strachey published his paper on “The Nature of the Therapeutic Action of Psychoanalysis,” which has since been considered one of the most seminal works on the subject. He holds that his paper is “not a practical discussion upon psychoanalytic technique,” and that “it’s immediate bearings are theoretical” (Strachey, 1934, 127). However, as Herbert Rosenfeld points out in his 1972 critical appreciation of Strachey’s paper, “this is clearly an understatement; the paper both challenges one’s clinical experience and has important clinical implications even though actual case material is not quoted” (Rosenfeld, 1972, 454). It would not be difficult to summarize Strachey’s main points regarding therapeutic action and mutative interpretation, and it would prove similarly sterile to simply compare his ideas with the views of other psychoanalysts, contemporaneous and contemporary. Instead, as Strachey concerns himself primarily with the structural nature of mutative change, this paper will aim to delineate a more in-depth exploration of the way different structures of the
In the world of psychology, Sigmund Freud versus B.F. Skinner has been a long-standing debate. The question, “If one had depression, which would be the better therapist and why?” raises a great variety of controversies. This debate of Freud versus Skinner stems from their position and philosophy in psychology, psychoanalysis and behaviorism—Freud being the founder of psychoanalysis and Skinner maintaining a strong behaviorist stand. There are typically three viewpoints to this controversy: those solely in support of Freud, those solely in support of Skinner, and those not in total support nor total
For my comparison, I’ll be looking at the theories of Sigmund Freud and Viktor Frankl, the creators of both the first and third Viennese Schools of Psychotherapy, respectively. To begin with, I’ll examine Frankl’s theory of existential analysis known as logotherapy. Logotherapy states that we as human beings are conscious creatures, responsible for our choices and decisions in life. Frankl proposed a dualistic view of human nature, which claimed that the unconscious is home to both sides of humanity, with instinctual,
One of Freuds most famous experiments was 'Little Hans'. This was about a five year old boy who was afraid of horses, and was jealous of the birth of his sister. It was thought that Hans' anxiety culminated from his inner desire to be his mothers mate. Freud used Hans in order to help develop another of his theories - the 'Oedipus Complex' which is a small boys inner jealousy of his father and fear of punishment by castration by him. It must be stressed that the
The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the differences and similarities associated with Carl Roger’s Client-centered theory and Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory. The focus of the comparisons will fall into the three main topic areas: that of optimal personality development, that of the nature of problem formation, and that of the process of learning and change.
Freud’s theory of Oedipus complex has brought a lot of controversies in modern psychology and literature while some critics opine Freud’s concept of Oedipus complex deserves a great deal of appreciation. When Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) proposed that the Oedipus complex was psychologically universal, he provoked the evolution of Freudian psychology and the Psychoanalytic treatment method.¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ Certain contemporary psychoanalysts agree with the idea of the Oedipus complex to different degree. Hans Keller proposed it is so "at least in Western societies"; and others consider that ethnologists already have established its temporal and geographic universality. Nonetheless, few psychoanalysts disagree that the "child then entered an Oedipal phase which involved an acute awareness of a complicated triangle involving mother, father, and child" and that "both positive and negative Oedipal themes are typically observable in
Most evidence for theories is taken from Freud’s case studies, e.g. Little Hans. This case study was only based on one person in detail. Little Hans case study was carried out via mail contact with his father, only meeting Hans after the case was published which many would argue is not reliable. Freud got his results from talking sessions known as “free association” with patients which he wrote as case studies. Some patients in question are often small numbers of middle-aged Jewish women from Vienna that suffered comparable issues, which are biased samples, this makes the generalization to the wider population challenging. (Gross, 2015). Re-examinations of Freud’s theories propose that he occasionally distorted his patient’s cases to fit with his theory, e.g. being Dora and Ratman, both separate case studies both claimed he misrepresented facts and was unsuccessful in curing them. The theories are also greatly criticized by the humanist approach for being sexist against women. (Sulloway, 1991).
The therapist would use techniques such as free association and dream analysis. Free association is when the therapist attempts to unearth thoughts from Ellen’s unconscious in order to lend insight into her distress. Overall, the therapist would use techniques to interpret Ellen’s dreams and memories in order to reduce Ellen’s anxiety.
Psychology explores human behavior and the human mental process figuring ways to improve the thinking and attitude of an individual’s existence. Sometimes, different techniques are used and tried to properly resolve the problem within the multitude of possible behavioral issues. Moreover, Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, developed many theories, psychodynamic therapy, for clinically treating people with mental health problems through their unconscious mind; Then, Sigmund Freud’s theories or therapy, rather, diverged into other types of therapies such as Biological Psychology or Cognitive Psychology. No doubt, there are various perspectives, both strong and weak, in the field of Psychology using different techniques on different
Freud, on the other hand, studied and proposed the method of “Psychoanalysis” and before it,
. Freud considered anxiety to be the result of ‘toxic transformation’ of undischarged libido, believed to be caused by repression or its failure of repression. In Hans’s case, the thoughts of desiring his mother sexually, and wanting his father and sister dead, was too much to bear, which led to obsession with his widdler and eventually causing anxiety.
The majority of the therapies covered throughout the semester seem to be greatly influenced by the humanistic approach. Therapies such as Adlerian, Existential, and Person-Centered therapy all generally have a positive view of humanity. These approaches are very positive and empowering whereas Freud’s theory was very deterministic. Furthermore, unlike Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, the present and future are emphasized way more than the past. Another general tenet is that the client has control and the power to change the situation they are in. Another crucial difference is the relationship between the client and counselor. Freud’s style was very cold, and his relationship with his clients was very distant. This is not seen
In psychoanalytic theory is the theory of identity association and the elements of identity development that aides psychoanalysis, a clinical strategy for treating psychopathology. In the first place clinical out by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century, psychoanalytic theory has experienced numerous refinements since his work. Sigmund Freud underscored the significance of the oblivious personality, and an essential supposition of Freudian theory is that the oblivious personality oversees conduct to a more noteworthy degree than individuals suspect. In fact, the objective of therapy is to make the oblivious cognizant. In Freudian psychosexual, development theory is an essential component of the human beings for the birth of sexual energy that develops in five stages. In these five stages Freudian characterized by the erogenous zone that is the cause of the libidinal drive. According to Freud, the child experienced sexual frustration to any of psycho sexual development in their young age, they would impatience that would face into their adulthood and face some mental problems or have a