In this essay, I will argue for Restricted Actual Desire Satisfactionism as the best argument for the theory. My argument proceeds in 4 sections: In the first section, I will articulate Lukas’ argument for self-regarding restriction and why idealized restriction does not work well. In the second section, I will show that Lukas’ argument for self-regarding restriction is not the best form of argument for Desire Satisfactionism, for the restriction that only desires which are relevant to well-being are counted can encompass irrelevant desires as well. In the third section, I will offer a response on Lukas’ behalf. Finally, in the fourth section, I conclude that this rejoinder is unsuccessful. According to Desire Satisfactionism, one’s well-being …show more content…
Jenny is now desiring something that is relevant to her well-being. This new desire fulfills the self-regarding restriction. But it seems that those who felt the original desire of Jenny was irrelevant would feel that her new desire is irrelevant too as both desires are essentially the same. The only difference is that the new desire adds in the proposition that her life in the world involved the dog getting healed. This new desire about her own life enlarges the perimeter of what Jenny could desire about, encompassing lots of things as long as her desire involves living in a world which proposition X would be satisfied. Therefore, Jenny can desire what would seemingly be remote to her at first but is now considered relevant to her well-being because this remote desire is necessary for her desire about her life to live in a certain world to be satisfied. According to the Benefit Argument, her new desire does not posit any changes in her intrinsic properties. Desire Satisfactionism lies on the premises of Benefit Argument for one’s desire to be considered satisfied. Hence, if Desire Satisfactionism now is able to count remote or irrelevant desires relevant to well-being, does that mean that Desire Satisfactionism is …show more content…
Drawing from Kagan’s benefit argument, I agree with him that the things that increase one’s well-being must make positive changes to one’s mind and body. The crucial point for a theory of well-being is to understand from individual being’s point of view how one’ well-being is increased. If we study how can one’s well-being be increased through one’s life, this is akin to looking only at the outside and failing to understand that if the internal cease to exist, there would be no external. Thus, the proper object of the theory of well-being should be the person. Following from the argument of Restricted Actual Desire Satisfactionism, it seems to exclude too much as it cannot account for the case of why people would intensely desire for the team they support to win. One can bite the bullet and conclude that instead of no increase in well-being at all, there is a slight increase. Instead of person and his life being separated in different spheres, one should see the person in the center and slowly extending to life being the outer circle. What would concern the person would have high amounts of increase or decrease in the well-being, and what would concern the life would have little increase or decrease in
Many of us are very family oriented and believe that family should always be present in our life no matter what do in life. While some of us feel that, our desire is worth more important than family due to the lack of communication with family members. In the “Achievement of Desire” by Richard Rodriguez, Rodriguez recalls some of the difficulties he had at a young age, which was balancing his life academically and practicing the Mexican traditions. His desire was more important to him than his family because communication with his family was not as strong as before when he began to get more involved in his education, which separates him from his family mentally and physically.
Gratification comes from any even that engages us fully. Seligman claims that “…individuals may find gratification in participating in a great conversation, fixing a bike, reading a good book…or accomplishing a difficult task at work.” (Seligman, Parks, and Steen 419) Senior also states that “doing something that engages or enhances our strengths is a gratification, whether it’s swimming, welding, or listening to a friend in need.” (Senior 428) It is interesting to note that engagement activities aimed at increasing happiness are not always enjoyable in and of themselves. Seligman notes that “consider, for example, the gratification that comes from training for an endurance even such as a marathon. At any given point during the grueling event, a runner may be discouraged or exhausted or even in physical pain; however, they may describe the overall experience as intensely gratifying.” (Seligman, Parks, and Steen 419) From this we see that gratification may help enhance our overall happiness, not through the activity itself, but from the feeling of accomplishment or well-being we experience as the end result.
“A positive sense of wellbeing which
From the perspective of positive psychology, there is a well-being formula invested by Martin Seligman to achieve a higher well-being. Martin Seligman (2010) defined as happiness: H (to maintain the length of happiness) = S (happy range breadth) + V (you can control the factors) + C (your living environment). Happy length: the distinction between "temporary" happy and "persistent" happy. Temporary happiness can be achieved by food, comedy, bunch of flowers. While the persistence of happiness is mainly affected by genetic, and this genetic trait can be changed. The breadth of happiness: psychologists think that we are born with a happy constant point, like a thermometer. If there is a happier thing, even if we are upset, it will be dedicated
Firstly, premise one sets out that the Desire-Satisfaction Theory’s basic consideration is that in order for something to increase our welfare, it must be something we “want, like or care about.” In other words, for something to truly benefit us, it must be something we desire and have a genuine attraction to. To define, the desire-satisfaction theory holds that when something we desire is fulfilled, we receive satisfaction, thus, we benefit. Welfare is defined by Heathwood as things that make us better off, or “fare well.” Similarly, by “benefit” Heathwood is referring to things that make our lives better in themselves. This means that the question of what benefits
There are certain things that are in the control of the humans, at the same time there are several things, which are not under the human’s control. Thus, to persist a happy life, the humans are required to put an end their desire such that the satisfaction of
Another problem is one that deals with the justification of happiness. What is happiness for one person is not necessarily happiness for the other. If there were a basket of oranges given to a starving group of people, one person might be happy to have the orange because it is his favorite fruit and won’t be starving now, but one person might be deathly allergic to oranges and so he will be left starving. The intentions of one person might be to pull the victim form a burning building
The desire satisfaction theory accommodates the thought which hedonism does not accommodate. According to the desire satisfaction theory, our lives go better when the world actually is a certain way, and doesn’t merely appear to be a certain way. An individual experiences pleasure when the desires are satisfied but it is not a guarantee that the desires cause pleasure.
Frankfurt suggests that desiring something often relates to only a specific moment or something that benefits oneself. He uses the example of a person who has free time and decides
In his essay “The Achievement of Desire,” Richard Rodriguez has certain ways of speaking and caring. In particular, he focuses on his education and his family. These two will eventually clash and interfere with each other. Rodriguez contrasts school, family, teachers and most importantly himself. He also tells us how left his childhood and family for education, but when he wanted to return he couldn’t fully do so. He learned he couldn't fully return due to his conforming to education that leads him to observe and analyze everything.
In part one of our book, “The Good Life,” we studied five different philosopher’s viewpoints on what is needed in order for a person to have a good, fulfilling life. They all included the concepts of pleasure and happiness to some extent in their theories, but they all approached the ideas in different ways. The two hedonists we studied, Epicurus and John Stuart Mill, place heavy emphasis on the importance of pleasure. They both believe that pleasure is a necessity in the ideal life. Jean Kazez agreed with their viewpoints in her theory and said that happiness was a necessity for a good life. Epicurus and Mill also argue that there is nothing else that we ultimately desire beyond pleasure and that it is an intrinsic good.
The major criticism of this argument lays in premise three, its “factual premise” as James Rachel calls it in his book. Opponents of this argument and Rachel being one of them, imply that it is wrong to say that satisfaction is one’s only goal because satisfaction doesn’t even have to be a goal. Satisfaction is the presumable state that results from ob-taining a goal. Thus premise three is wrong. One can say that you can make satisfaction your goal if you will feel bad if you don’t do something, but this is not always the case. Satisfaction can result from something else. And it is also incorrect to say that one makes satisfaction his goal then chooses his desires to fulfill the satisfaction. (J. Rachels p. 82)
Freud proposes the Principle of Satisfaction when aiming to be happy, in other words "a problem of satisfying a person's instinctual wishes (Freud 263)." Consequently, he concludes that because our "appetite" can never be fulfilled, the attainment of happiness will be nothing else than pessimistic. Also, he notes, that not all pleasures or wishes can be satisfied as soon as they are conceived. Freud presents the example of a baby, who, initially, believes that all his/her wishes should be gratified, and only later learns, form the Reality Principle, the harsh truth, that the wishes can not be satisfied instantaneously. More than that, life teaches men that in order to experience happiness one must sacrifice the instant gratification of his/her desires in order to achieve happiness in future. A simple example would be when a businessman decides to work overtime in order to receive more money and, thus, receive more pleasure, of course temporary and in future.
Experientialism and the Desire Theory are not totally in conflict with what Mill writes about well-being. In fact there are certain times when Mill's adherence to the Substantive Goods Theory is put into doubt because of cewrtain ideas of the former two which support what Mill says. Despite such similarties, the Substantive Goods Theory manifests itself as a better fit for what Mill says about well-being and how society should encourage people to pursue well-being. Additionally, that theory is consistent with my personal beliefs about what it means to lead a good life.
We began this course with the question “What is happiness? and Can we all achieve authentic Happiness? In our life we are taught many things, but we are not taught how to achieve our own happiness. Over the last five weeks we truly learned what happiness is and I believe we all can achieve authentic happiness in our life. In Authentic Happiness, Martin Seligman uses happiness and well being as the terms to describe the goals of Positive Psychology. The desired outcome of Positive Psychology is happiness and well being. We learned from this course how to embrace both our positive feelings and activities to achieve authentic Happiness.