Atlantoaxial Index Essay

○ Confirmation of diagnosis is made by radiographic examination of the skull (i.e., MRI of the head)

CT scan of the cervical spine dated 01/07/14 revealed posterior fusion from C5 through C7. There is minimal anterior subluxation of C6 on C7.

MRI demonstrates severe narrowing of the right fouramen due to severe collapse at L5-S1. EMG demonstrates positive radiculopaty. The claimant has severe back and right leg pain. The claimant has a positive EMG. The claimant has an MRI which demonstrates up and down stenosis in the foramen at L5-S1, compressing the L5 nerve root due to severe collapse of the L5-S1 disk. The claimant has elected to proceed forward with an anterior interbody fusion at L5-S1 with an anterior decomprssion and stabilization. The claimant has severe collapse of the L5-S1 disk resulting in foraminal stenosis. The provider states a posterior decompression alone would be inadeqate given the severe collapse of the disk and the up and down

MRI of the lumbar spine obtained on 12/21/11 showed at L4-5 level, there is some mild loss of normal hydration of this nucleus pulposus representing early dessication changes, with a minor 2-3 mm subligamentous posterior disk bulge/protrusion slightly elevating the posterior longitudinal ligament indenting the thecal sac without spinal stenosis and neuroforaminal narrowing.

There is a small vertical irregularity on the mandible, likely the result of a fracture scar. This irregularity measures approximately 3 millimeters in length. There is also evidence of forced trauma to the cranium, with the vertical irregularity measuring approximately 8 millimeters in length.

The resultant image demonstrated a possible atlanto-axial instability with anterior dislocation of C1 (fig. 1(a)). According to (Booth, 2012), the anterior and posterior cervical and spinolaminar lines should be assessed (fig. 1(c)) recognizing that

The back of the skull is called the occipital bone, hence the term atlanto-occipital dislocation. The spinal cord is the column of nerve fibers responsible for sending and receiving messages from the brain, these nerves are what are responsible for controlling movement and organ function. (Foundation, 2015) (Nicholas Theodore, 2013)The spinal cord runs through a hollow space in the spine referred to as the vertebral foramen. Without the protection of the spine for the spinal cord, many nerve issues can arise and if there is a drastic separation from the cervical spine especially, even death can occur. Internal decapitation is a rare dislocation that has a higher rate of fatality then it does of

All the participants are expected to be involved in the study until unless you and (or) your physician decide that there is no clear benefit from study (company, 2009). The approximate treatment time would be 48 weeks. You are expected to attend the clinic once in a week.

First studies looked for abnormalities within craniofacial structures using techniques and processing common in medical imaging such as cephalometry or computed tomography (CT). In [6] authors applied sophisticated volumetric analysis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the

Regarding MRI cervical spine, CA MTUS supports imaging studies with red flag conditions; physiologic evidence of tissue insult or neurologic dysfunction; failure to progress in a strengthening program intended to avoid surgery; clarification of the anatomy prior to an invasive procedure and definitive neurologic findings on physical examination, electrodiagnostic studies, laboratory tests, or bone scans.

Dentists often recommend a patient undergo orthognathic surgery to treat an improper bite, also known as a severe malocclusion. This treatment is also often recommended for individuals who suffer from TMJ or TMD. Any time the facial skeleton develops a problem during growth, the individual may find they have problems with daily activities. Their speech may be affected, they may find it difficult to chew, or they may have headaches and joint pain. The surgery can help to rectify these

Teres major: -Axillary border of scapula near inferior angle -Crest below lesser tubercle nest to latismus dorsi attachment Shoulder extention , abduction and medial rotation Teres minor -Axillary border of scapula - Greater tuberosity of humerus - shoulder lateral roattion , horizontal abduction Infraspinatus Infraspianous fossa of scapula - Greater tuberosity of humerus Shoulder lateral rotation, horizontal abduction Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus Upper trapezius Occipital bone, nuchal ligament on cervical spinous processes Outer 3rd of clavicle, acromion process Scapular elevation and upward rotation Middle trapezius Spinous processes of C7 through T3 Scapular spine Scapular retraction Lower trapezius Spinous processes of middle and lower thoracic vertebrae Base

spinal canal stenosis and did not stratify the results according to degree of stenosis which

Patients with suspected mandible dislocations and especially superior dislocations, must undergo a very careful examination of the CNS, specifically the Fifth and Seventh cranial nerves.

In preparing large human brain sections for neuropathological study to have the best final result there needs to be the best initial preparation. Consequently the preservation of the specimen in the appropriate fixative promptly upon removal and changing the fixative when it becomes bloody greatly enhance specimen quality. Allow sufficient ratio of tissue to fluid of 1:20 and keep at room temperature. After the brain is sliced at brain cutting and the slabs are submitted for the large sections allow a day or two more in fixative for the center of the slice to be fixed. Patience will be rewarded. When processing the final blocks for paraffin, whether they