Australia Job Inequalities

Social inequality is a problematic phenomenon that occurs all around the world and affects both the developed and developing nations. It is defined as “the unequal distribution of social, political and economic resources within a social collective” (van Krieken et al. 2013, p. 205). Inequality is closely connected with social stratification, a system of social hierarchy that positions individuals and groups into categories according to social variables such as class or ethnicity (van Krieken et al. 2013, p. 485). This stratification has a significant impact on the opportunity that an individual may have to move up the hierarchy of inequality (Gill 2017a).

Analyse the causes of unemployment, its effects on the Australian economy and how they are addressed through use of macroeconomic policies.

23 per cent of Indigenous Australians lived in overcrowded households in 2012-13. In very remote areas the proportion was 53-63 per cent.

Over the last two decades the Australian population has faced a number of economic instabilities that has seen the gap between the ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ increase. To determine who the ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ are an in-depth investigation will be performed examining the circumstances under which the gap can be manipulated. The economic wellbeing of individuals is largely determined by their command over economic resources (ABS, 2009). The wellbeing of individuals who are classified as ‘haves’ are usually people who are asset rich, contain bonds, shares and are fairly affluent. The wellbeing of individuals who are classified as ‘have nots’ are usually the working poor, who have little assets and little investments i.e. bonds. These

Class divisions can result in tensions between people and different regions. Wage disputes between workers and employers in which workers try to improve their income levels are a common cause of dispute. These divisions can sometimes lead to social and economic instability. As shown earlier, inequality leads to poverty problems but the facts have not been explored. Australia has a very high level of relative poverty with 12.2% of Australians living below the poverty line, defined as receiving an income below 50% of the median income level. Poverty tends to trap families into a vicious cycle of low incomes and limited economic opportunities. High poverty levels also tend to be associated with increased levels of crime, suicide, disease and reduced life expectancy.

75% of my respondents that despite their desire to travel, even if they wanted to, they wouldn’t be able to afford to buy a home before they reached 30. After the second World War, Australia was overwhelmed by policies that encouraged home ownership and “families as individual units” (Sharman 1984). Since such a time when housing was booming, home ownership, particularly in Sydney, has become gradually unattainable (McNamara & Connell 2007). Since the 1980’s the percentage of young people aged 20 - 24 in Australia living in shared arrangements doubled (Burke, Pinkey & Ewing 2002), making apparent that other forms of household were inaccessible. This, I believe, reflects escalated housing prices, interest rates and land value. Furthermore, in 1980 26% of young people aged 20 - 24 in Australia lived alone, and by 2000, only 9.3% were living alone (Burke, Pinkey & Ewing 2002). Thus, despite Australia’s economic geography, shared living has since become an attractive and viable option for not only economically constrained students but also young single professionals with the promise of friendship and mutual support (economic or otherwise) (Clark & Tuffin 2015). Half of the participants had moved into a shared household with a person or people they had met before, though 60% of the group hoped that they would make new

Unemployment is a social problem in Australia, which affects a majority of society in many ways. Not only can it cause financial debt to families, but from there it can cause family breakdowns, social isolation, shame and it can even lead to violence. The Conflict theory perspective explains how unemployment can be caused by class and power by focusing on the inequality within society. The inequality sequentially predicts that the poorer members of society struggle to find employment, to be able to get education to find suitable employment and are.

The disparities accounted for in the distribution of wealth and income tends to reflect wealth that is accumulated during a person’s working life and utilised during retirement. Whilst this sources the foundation of inequality, the distribution of income in Australia is influenced by socio-economic factors such as gender, age, occupation and ethnicity. Gender is a common inconsistency in various economies, during 2013 average weekly earnings for males were $1516 while females earned $1250, this is still coherent for males and females in the same occupational categories, and is augmented for opposite genders in different occupational categories. In terms of ethnicity, it has been recorded that persons born overseas earn more than persons born in Australia, that non-English speaking backgrounds earn less than English speaking backgrounds and the period of residence in Australia is proportional to the income earned. However, the lowest income earners in the Australian community are Indigenous Australians and being heavily reliant on government welfare, earn a substantial loss in income compared to that

Australia’s population is over 20 million and the gross household income per week for the fourth highest quintile is over $1096.00. Twenty per cent of Australian households are represented in this category.

PART A: Pyrmont is a bustling neighborhood with great restaurants, cafes, parks and beautiful gardens. The local government area is located in the City of Sydney and is an important part of the Darling Harbour region. Housing in Pyrmont is identified by high-density apartments, industrial high-rise buildings, affordable housing and heritage cottages. Pyrmont has a “land area of 27km per hectare” (City Of Sydney, 2014) with approximately 124 people living per hectare, showing evidence of urban consolidation and a large population in the city. The demographics of Pyrmont convey a multicultural and proficient civilization with the demographics conveying that only “39.5% residents are born in Australia” (Australian

The closer you look into the world, the more secrets you will unlock. If you were to look closely in world history, you would see racism and inequality. If you look in art, you can see racism and inequality. Inequality has not been eradicated, there is still a heavy divide between races in our nation, the United States. As article one stated, 88 percent of blacks believe the nation still needs to make changes to benefit equality, but 43 percent do not believe these changes will occur. Different races have different views on the changes for equality. Article 1 states the 53 percent of whites believe the nation needs to change to aid the fight for equality. The other 47 percent believes that the country has changed enough to support equality.

With the expansion of Australia urbanization occurred to improve the living conditions as well as providing more opportunities for jobs in factories, but in some cases urbanisation only made things worse specifically the poorer and more vulnerable people in

Introduction Relative poverty describes people who fail to earn an income that provides them with the ability to obtain the national standard of living (Dunn 2017, 377). Although subject to change, the Australian poverty line puts single households earning less than $430 a week, and households of 4 that earn less than $895 a week, as living under the poverty line. As 3 million Australians currently live in these conditions, families and individuals are increasingly susceptible to disadvantages (Australian Council of Social Service 2016, 7). The following report will link statistical evidence of health and education to key concepts of life chances and structural inequality. These links will provide insight into barriers between those living

Within Australia there are many conflicting views on what poverty means and this is reflected in most of the literature. Absolute poverty occurs when families do not have sufficient income to pay for such basic necessities as food and housing. However, the World Bank (1990) defines poverty as, the inability to attain a minimal standard of living. This definition of poverty reflects the more relative nature of poverty within Australia and this view is largely accepted and utilised within current research (ABS, 1998; Henderson, 1975; Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1998; Saunders, 1998; Harding and Szukalska, 2000; Harding et al., 2001b; Saunders et al., 2007). For Saunders, relative poverty is the depravation of resources required to participate in the maintenance of everyday lifestyle and

Oliver, 2013,’Adult in all but pay: the case for increasing youth wages’, The conversation, 15 July, accessed 1 may 2014,http://theconversation.com/adults-in-all-but-pay-the-case-for-increasing-youth-wayges-16030.