PHYS 1112/2212 spring 2016
LAB #9
Batteries, Resistance and Current
Introduction: Voltage can be thought of as the pressure pushing charges along a conductor, while the electrical resistance of a conductor is a measure of how difficult it is to push the charges along. Using the flow analogy, electrical resistance is similar to friction. For water flowing through a pipe, a long narrow pipe provides more resistance to the flow than does a short fat pipe. The same applies for flowing currents: long thin wires provide more resistance than do short thick wires. The resistance (R) of a material depends on its length, cross-sectional area, and the resistivity (the Greek letter rho), a number that depends on the material. The resistivity
…show more content…
What is the difference between resistivity (ρ) and resistance (R)? What are the units of each?
Lab Activity: Log on and go to the PhET website (PhET.colorado.edu) Go to simulations, then “electricity” then to the following:
“Battery-Resistor” available at: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/battery-resistor-circuit Check “show battery” and “show cores”, watch what happens, adjust some variables
1. Why do electrons (blue dots) move? Draw a diagram of the battery, label the flow of electrons. The flow of current (+) is opposite; draw this and note if toward or away from + terminal of the battery.
2. What does the Ammeter (on the left) measure? How is this shown in the simulation?
3. What role do the “green dots” in the resistor play in the simulation? What do you think they represent? What does this tell you about the effect of resistors in a circuit?
4. Increase the resistance (# green dots). What affect does this have on temperature? WHY?
5. When the circuit gets hotter, what affect does this have on current? Explain using kinetic-molecular theory.
6. To make the circuit “cold”, what do you need to do? WHY?
7. Describe the relationship between voltage and temperature.
“Resistance in a Wire” available at: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/resistance-in-a-wire 1. In this simulation, what variables are you seeing the relationship of. Write the
16. Play with the voltage slider and describe what happens to the current in the coil and the magnetic field around the coil.
(b) Due to the fact that R1 and R2 are identical, what would you guess is the voltage across each resistor is individually? Why?
The final 2 property points were earned for the description and discussion of specific heat.
Read the background information provided in the virtual lab by clicking on the “Information” bar in the lab simulation area.
Examine a piece of nichrome wire. On the data sheet, record the color and the luster of the metal. Use a forceps to hold the wire in the flame of your burner for about two minutes (recall where the hottest part of the flame is located). Describe the appearance of the wire while held in the hottest part of the flame. Allow the wire to cool and reexamine it. From your observations, determine if there was a physical or a chemical change. Give specific reasons for your conclusions. Save the nichrome wire for step #2.
2. How did concentration and/or volume differences affect the heat change (q) for each trial?
In Lab 8, the time constant of resistance-capacitance was measured in order to determine the charge of a capacitor. This experiment was conducted by setting building a circuit that connects the voltmeter across the resistor. The voltmeter was then connected across the capacitor. The above procedure was conducted several times using different voltages. Afterwards, the results were calculated and tabulated. The data obtained from the lab were the theoretical Tau for 5V, 4V and 3V. In this experiment, the calculated voltage was also determined. The theoretical and the calculated values were then compared and evaluated by determining their percentage errors. For example, in the 5V, the theoretical value was 1.23V; calculated value was 1.434 with a percentage error of 16.6 %( for voltmeter across capacitor).
1. In this sim, what variables are you seeing? Write the formula below, and indicate the units used to measure each one.
The conducting species at equivalence point would be the Sodium as it has the most free-range electrons and dissociates readily in solutions.4
In this experiment, we will find out how the variation of the value of an equilibrium constant with temperature can be used to determine the enthalpy (heat), entropy (randomness), and free energy (G) changes associated with the system in question.
During my visit, I participated in various experiments at the Exploratorium. But out of all of them, the penny battery intrigued me the most. I liked this particular exhibit because I have an enormous interest in electricity. Since it demonstrates properties of conductivity, I was immediately drawn to it.
Electricity flow is defined by the movement of charged particles, and though what those specific particles are differs in material devices and in the brain, they both create stimulation for particular types of work to be done. Just as electricity in a household may work to illuminate a light bulb or power a television, electricity in neurons works to communicate signals across a large cellular network.
b) How the Quantum Free Electron Theory predicts that the conductivity of metals decreases as the temperature increases.
Throughout this research paper, the reader will have a better understanding of the different forms of resistance. Also the reader will have the ability to compare the two types of resistance which were active and passive. And finally the reader will be abl
The purpose of this paper is to give a greater understanding of the semiconductor world, for Physics 100 students who have a little knowledge of electronics. I will cover conductors, insulators, semiconductors, and the operation of a diode and a transistor. The reason that it is important to understand these devices is the vast effect that they have had on our modern world. Our lives are filled by electronics, especially in this computerized age that we live in, and I have found that a knowledge of some electronics has greatly helped my understanding of the many electronic devices that we deal with on a daily basis.