Bearded Capuchin Body Structure

Monkey, any of a large and varied group of mammals of the primate order. The term monkey includes all primates that do not belong to the categories human, ape, or prosimian; however, monkeys do have certain common features. All are excellent climbers, and most are primarily arboreal. Nearly all live in tropical or subtropical climates. Unlike most of the prosimians, or lower primates, they are almost all day-active animals. Their faces are usually flat and rather human in appearance, their eyes point forward, and they have stereoscopic color vision. Their hands and feet are highly developed for grasping; the big toes and, where present, the thumbs are opposable. Nearly all have flat nails. Monkeys habitually sit in an erect posture. Unlike the apes, most cannot swing arm-over-arm (the spider monkey is an exception) but move about in trees by running along the branches on all fours; their skeletal structure is similar to that of other four-footed animals. Monkeys live in troops of up to several hundred individuals and travel about in search of food, having no permanent shelter. As in apes and humans, the female has a monthly reproductive cycle, and

-The bonobo is the most recently discovered great ape in modern times.  It was revealed in 1929 by German anatomist Ernest Schwarz that a skull once thought belonging to a juvenile chimpanzee was in fact a new subspecies of chimpanzee known now as the Pan paniscus, or bonobo. (Waal 6)  During the Pleistocene epoch approximately 1.5 million years ago, the Congo River was formed in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (San Diego Zoo 2)  The river geographically segregated groups and individual chimpanzees south of the river resulting in these chimps being reproductively isolated.  Allopatric speciation took place as a response to new

The capuchin monkeys are known as one of, if not the most intelligent monkeys of all New World species. They reside naturally in the forests of southern Mexico, the West Indies, and Central and South America, but can be found in zoos and captivity around the globe. Capuchins regularly eat fruits, insects, and nuts, and spend the majority of their day foraging for food. Capuchins travel and live in groups, residing in the treetops and canopy of the forest; however, the monkeys will travel along the forest floor as well. They have prehensile tails that are the same length as their body, have opposable thumbs, and primarily range from light to dark brown with white facial markings.

An observational study conducted, concluded that wild capuchins use anvils and stone pounding tools as a means to facilitate nut-cracking . In the study, a group of ten wild capuchin monkeys where observed in a habitat that is scarce in food, aside from palms. There are different types of palm nuts, larger ones with an oval shape and smaller ones that are as small as 2.5 to 3 cm in diameter. It is interesting to note that many different anvil sites were observed, and what is more interesting is that on the anvil sites, river pebbles were seen and since these are not usually found in the area, it can be assumed that capuchins transport their stones to the anvil sites. An abundance of palms, yet otherwise limited food, has contributed to tool use for nut-cracking becoming a common routine. As a result of the study, wild capuchins were directly observed using anvils as tools for stone pounding. Additionally, characteristic depressions on anvils as well as palm shells and stone pounding tools leftovers indicate nut-cracking. Capuchin monkey choose anvil sites that provide a flat surface to facilitate nut-cracking, often the anvils used by capuchins are made of sandstone or siltstone, but they can also be boulders and fallen trees Essentially anything in the capuchin’s vicinity, that could provide a suitable substrate. When capuchins crack palm nuts, they typically hold the selected stone using both hands and stand in a bipedal

Pointed head, a unique anatomical characteristic of the Gorilla. This is attributed in the adult male to a prominent sagittal crest overlaid with a pad of fibro fatty tissue. This characteristic is less pronounced in females and smaller bodied adult males. Extreme muscularity. Broad, flat face. Jaw that protrudes beyond the nose. This anatomical feature (prognathism) is distinctly ape-like. Prognathism is due to the need for large jaws and teeth for mastication. Brow-ridges, above the eyes is a huge shelf of bone. Hair color is most often described as light brown, dark brown or black. Other colors that have been reported are grey, light, white, silver-tipped, and red to reddish-brown. Hair length is longer on the head, shoulders, and arms, than anywhere else on the body. Hair distribution, body is completely hair covered except for patches of bare black skin on the face, chest, soles of feet, and palms of hands. There have been reported attacks on humans but they cannot be proved. Stories of an ape like creature roaming the forests of North America have been around as long as some of the Native Americans tribes started in certain areas, due to the finding of cave painting of sasquatches. However, the earliest written account was made in 1811.

Primates first evolved from the trees of tropical forests, later to the ground. Through the times of promisians to human, many characteristics has been represented due to the adaptations to new environments and resulted in evolutionary changes. The Earth has encountered several geological and climatic changes over time. For the primates existed at that time had to adjust itself especially in body configurations and locomotion in order to better survive. It is important to be aware of this information since we are the part of occurring changes as well. Throughout the evolution owing to

The Strepsirrhini group are “more primitive than other primates such as monkeys and apes.” (3). Lemurs have olfactory communication, have stink and spur fights. Lorises are known for their “nocturnal behavior and are extremely slow in locomotion”. (3). Galago’s also called bush babies because their calls sound similar to an infant, they can jump about 8 feet from a sitting position and have very strong eyesight.

However, they are smaller than the chimpanzees and have blacker hair which contains tufts especially around the faces, legs, and arms (Chiarelli 2014). They also have slimmer bodies and use very high pitched vocalizations in defending their territory. The group of primates is less excitable and very aggressive than the chimpanzees. They engage in face to face sexual intercourse for both the heterosexual and homosexual communities. The bonobos are also under a threat from the rapid deforestation of the forests around the Zaire River found in the central parts of

Capuchin Monkeys are well known for their brains, their intelligence is considered to be the most agile in all of the new world primates. They can be seen up in the trees of Central and South America. This is where their geological preference to live is, up high in trees and they are very superb at doing so. Their ability to survive is phenomenal despite all of the shortcomings that are all possible to face in the wild. From their unique fur colorization, their fur is white from head to shoulders while from the shoulders down there color is black. The locomotion that they use to maneuver swinging from tree to tree is by using all four limbs and for a short period of time they can walk on two legs. Capuchin monkeys are uniquely different and surprisingly very knowledgeable at what they do in order to be able to maintain their survival based on learned and experimental behaviors.

    The distinct features present in the White Handed Gibbon are the white rings of fur around their black hairless faces and their white hands and feet. The fur on this type of Gibbon can be either a cream, brown, or black color. Gibbons do not have a tail but instead have an ischial callosity.

There remains, however, the fact that the larger mass / humeral head ratios of the rhesus macaques does not correspond to similarly greater stature proportions (see Figure 6, Table III). In order to explain that difference, it is useful to examine the stature / humeral head

Capuchin Monkeys are one of the most diverse species on the planet. They are very well known for their intelligence, and have been the subject matter for research due to their ability to adapt in different environments. Capuchin monkeys is a New World monkey that is commonly found in South and Central America, and northern parts of Argentina. They live on high areas in the trees of the rainforest. Capuchin Monkeys are only active during the day. Their arms, tails, legs, and body is usually black or brown, while their upper body is white or beige. Some of them may have black fur on top of their head. Unlike other primates, Capuchin Monkeys are very small. Their body is usually 1-2 feet long. When fully grown, Capuchin Monkeys only weigh around

epithelium, which is a very thin tissue. This single layer of thin cells creates a short distance for gases to diffuse. The oxygen will then be able to move through the thin capillary walls and into the cells while the carbon dioxide passes through the thin capillary walls from the cells. The short diffusions distance allows for a rapid gas exchange. This rapid and efficient gas exchange is required so that the cells can get the energy that they need for survival.

Each alveolus is ventilated, thus removing waste carbon dioxide and replenishing oxygen levels in the alveolar air. This also helps to maintain the maximum concentration gradient between the blood and the air in the alveoli. Although each of the alveolus/alveoli are very small, an average adult contains around 600 million alveoli which give off a total surface area of about 100m². As well as this, the walls of the alveoli are composed of a single layer of flattened epithelial cells, the walls of the capillaries consist of the same. These surfaces are very thin allowing gasses to diffuse easily as it is only necessary for them to diffuse through two thin cells. The steep concentration gradient across the gas exchange surface is maintained in

The main characteristic of proboscis monkey is their large noses that hang beyond their mouths. Males have large noses like proboscis expands that make them so-called proboscis, while female’s noses are not, but female’s noses are larger than most monkeys. Males use their large noses to attract female. Female prefers male with larger nose as a partner. Their nose will swell and turn red when they are happy or angry. They also have a call that sounds similar to the car horn. Their calls sound very loud as a warning when they sense danger. Their nose serves as a resonator when they call.