Belmont Report Ethical Violations

I can relate to this code because I have participated in a research design within a psychology class that gave extra credit for the course. With the direct instructions and rules from our instructor, which was a psychologist, the research was approved after the participants became aware of the purpose of the research and the people working within the research. Similar to the code of ethics 8.04, code of ethics 10.01 (c), undergo the same procedure as the supervisor may inform the client about a therapist in training and supervised will be given during the session. Again, it is important for the clients to be aware of all the people, procedures, proper guidelines, potential risks, treatments, and confidential information with a research study or therapy session involving their participation and decisions. But, the code of ethics 8.04 cannot be applied in a therapy session because a normal student is not licensed or equip with the proper education to partake in a therapy

Confidentiality was breached although participants were assigned ID numbers, they were said loudly by the researcher in front of other participants thus participants were aware of who belonged to which ID number. Voluntary participation was breached as the participants were Year 12 Psychology students partaking in a school assessment task which therefore made participants feel obliged to take part otherwise negative consequences would have applied such as not passing the

Part A. The CITI Ethics Training spoke of both: Laud Humphreys, Tearoom Trade and the infamous Tuskegee Study. The Video, The Human Behavior Experiments, reported on the Milgram study on obedience and the Zimbardo Prison Experiment. Using one of these four studies as an example, explain how the study violated (or not) each of the three basic principles of research ethics: beneficence, justice and respect for persons, using materials from your CITI training, the ASA Code of Ethics and the Belmont Report. Before you use each concept, find the definition of the concept and quote and cite the definition adding clarification and/or explanation in your

The participant was not given full disclose about the details of the experiment, making the research untruthful. Freedom was another principle that was violated since the participants’ ability to withdraw from the experiment was highly discouraged. Even though it was possible to withdraw, not much power was given to the participant. Lastly, Milgram was neither altruistic nor giving of dignity to the participant. Participants showed signs of stress and possible psychological damage due to the process of harming another individual, but that did not stop the experiment. Milgram instructed the participants to continue the study until the very end. In order to make this experiment more ethical, Milgram should have set up the experiment in a way that did not give the illusion of causing harm to another human being. Also, participants should have been able to withdraw from the experiment without questioning. Lastly, Milgram should have known to stop the study once he saw the participant showing signs of distress and pain. This is to cause less harm to the participant and promote

One research study conducted in the United States that violated the rights of subjects or involved ethical misconduct was the Willowbrook study.  This study was conducted from the mid 1950's to the mid 1970's where Dr. Saul Krugman intentionally introduced hepatitis to mentally challenged patients where they were institutionalized (Rothman, 1982).   According to Rothman (1982), Dr Krugman states; "It is our duty and our right to perform an experiment on man whenever it can save his life, cure him or gain him some personal benefit” (p. 6).  This type of practice is not only unethical with no justification for the study, it did cause harm to a vulnerable population.  The participants in this study not only contracted hepatitis, they suffered complications from hepatitis,

We are going to explore the world of ethical issues in psychology. As in any medical or mental health fields there are rules we all must follow as professionals. In this essay today we will be exploring a case study where we have a young lady who has been stricken by a mental disability. We will be looking at the facts in which her disability was handled by a professional in the field of psychology. We also will be discussing the rights and wrongs that are presented in her case study. We will also be discussing the APA ethical codes and gain a clearer understanding of where some things went wrong and why shall we begin.

Throughout the history of psychological studies unprincipled violations have constructed ethical standards that are essential in today’s research. These moral dilemmas created established professional and federal standards for performing research with human and animal participants, known as, psychological ethical codes. The Tuskegee syphilis study and the Stanford prison experiment highlighted a psychological study without proper patients’ consent and appropriate treatment, resulting in a research disaster with unethical incidents.

The APA ethical guidelines help to ensure that all psychological research maintains the integrity that it does not do harm or conflicts with the majority of the human populations moral ethical codes. However, in some situations the APA ethical guidelines must be viewed as just that: guidelines. If a study has the potential to benefit humanity as a whole and does not result in the permanent or irreparable harm to a human being then some guidelines must be permitted to be stretched or even broken in the interest of human advancement and scientific progression. After all the goal and responsibility of a psychologist is to enhance our understanding of human behavior as well as to find ways to use this information to better society and humanity

The first ethical dilemma was the lack of signed consent from the participants observed in the experiment. The researchers never gained any form of signed consent nor did they even inform the participants that they were being observed at any point before, during, or after the experiment (Heintzelman, 2003). According to the case study the researchers stated in

The main ethical issue with this experiment was the use of deception as the participants did not know the truth behind this study. Participants believe that they were shocking the learners and they were under severe stress due to this is possible that they had suffered psychological injuries. The participants have the right to withdraw from the study if they wanted; however, this was not made clear to them. Also, participants did not receive enough information about the study.

The first ethical principle stated by the Belmont Report is respect for persons. “Respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second, that persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection” (The Belmont Report). The researcher must respect the subjects decisions and be obliged to allow them to take part of the experiment voluntarily. The second

Psychological research has been growing and developing new ways of studying human behavior, collecting knowledge and expanding our understanding of our nature. For instance, studies involving human subjects presented risks for violation of ethical research guidelines, by pushing the limits of human experience (Kim, 2012). Throughout history, there have been numerous studies that elevated this concern, such as the Milgram Experiment of 1963. One of the major ethical raised was that it lacked informed consent from the participants and eventually raised the issue of protecting human subjects. This paper examines the ethical compliance in psychological research and emphasizes the importance of ethics and professionalism by analyzing different

Our country was founded on certain moral principles. The moral principles which guide our lives are referred to as ethics. These ethics have an impact on how we interact with the world around us and shape our personalities; this happens even if we do not realize their immediate impact. It is for this very reason that ethics in psychological research became necessary. “One may also define ethics as a method, procedure, or perspective for deciding how to act and for analyzing complex problems and issues” (Resnik, 2011). We are expected to behave or be treated a particular way in society, therefore we should be granted certain ethical treatments in regards to research.

In order for an experiment to be considered legal they must follow these guidelines. There are specifically five highlighted for doing research on a human. The first one is you must inform consent and voluntary participation. This mean the psychologist must inform all participants about the experiment and allow them to withdraw from the experiment if they wish. The second one is if a student is required to participate in a research experiment or have the opportunity for extra credit they must be given an alternative if they do not wish to be part of it.

In this particular situation Miranda’s assumption of her students’ prior knowledge of the graduate course contributes to different issues and ethical problems. According to code 8.04, whenever psychologists conduct research he or she typically take precautionary steps to prevent participants from declining or withdrawing. Also code 8.04 states when research is either a course requirement or extra credit opportunity an equal alternative is provided to students as another option. Miranda and the university violated this code by not offering an alternative, as well as a backup plan in case student’s rebelled. From the students stand point it is normal to feel some discomfort, especially if there is a potential to cause harm.