Beowulf: An intersection of Christian and pagan ideals The epic poem Beowulf is the story of a great, ideal hero of Anglo-Saxon, pre-Christian culture transposed into Christian times. It stands on a crossroads of literature: on one hand, it is not written in conventional, standard English and unlike Chaucer it requires a modern translation for a contemporary reader to comprehend it. On the other hand, its essential themes reoccur time and time again in English literature. Its pagan roots are manifested in the manner in which it celebrates bloody conflict as a proving-ground of heroism. However, the Christianity that was beginning to affect Anglo-Saxon worldviews is also manifest in the idealized, Christ-like portrayal of Beowulf ("Context," Spark Notes, 2012). At the beginning of the tale, the Danish King Hrothgar's kingdom is being besieged by an evil monster named Grendel. Grendel is portrayed as the embodiment of everything that is negative in the world, based on the traditional Anglo-Saxon view. Grendel is violent, ugly, and assaults the hospitality of the king. He attacks the king's most noble warriors in the mead hall of Heorot, a place of joy and rest. The King and his men can do nothing to fight against the might of Grendel, and his entire kingdom is paralyzed by fear. Only the heroism of the Geatish Beowulf can save the kingdom. Beowulf comes from a kingdom far away, and Hrothgar must send for him and beg the noble Beowulf to help. On one hand, Beowulf's
see themes such as fate and fame, which are strong pagan beliefs. Though also, these themes
In the story of Beowulf, there is a noticeable struggle between Christianity and Paganism, and the characters personal battle between the two. Throughout the story the characters display actions that lead towards Paganism and Christianity. Contrary to Pagan belief Beowulf is seen as the epitome of good and beneficent to all of mankind. In Beowulf, the people showed their faith and love in God, however due to horrific events, paranoia caused them to look for a quick fix and turns them to Paganism.
Beowulf’s first battle is against Grendel in an attempt to help King Hrothgar of Denmark and the Danes. The king builds a great mead-hall known as Heorot, where his warriors can gather to drink, receive gifts from their lord, and listen to stories sung by the bards. All the noise and commotion angers Grendel, who is a horrible demon that lives in the swamplands of the king’s kingdom. Grendel is an outcast who desperately wants to be a part of the Danes. He is bitter about being excluded from the mead-hall festivities. As a result of his jealousy and loneliness, Grendel terrorizes the Danes every night, killing them and defeating their efforts to fight back. The Danes live in fear, danger, and suffer death from Grendel for many, many years. Eventually, word of the kingdom’s suffering at the hands of Grendel reaches Beowulf. He feels inspired by the challenge of defeating the monster and decides to help the Danes. The king holds a big feast to celebrate Beowulf’s help,
The expression “Jesus take the wheel” is quite common in today’s world, but just because it is a modern saying does not mean that it did not have any relevance in earlier time. Throughout the story of Beowulf, a comparison between Christianity and paganism had always been a topic discussed both within the text and spoken aloud in the classroom. Likewise, in this instance, man-made issues serves as a mirror of paganism and trust in God becomes Christianity. Many factors throughout section three revert to paganism rather than Christianity because there was no trust in God. Details such as pride, arranged marriage, and death are the major aspects of man-made issues in this section.
Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic that was transmitted verbally for hundreds of years before it was written down. Around the time of its composition, Christianity was beginning to gain prominence in England and was quickly replacing the animistic religion of the Celts. As a result of the dueling religions of the time, the poem includes influences from both Christianity and paganism, leaving its readers to wonder which religion had the most sway over the poet. Beowulf is a fundamentally more Christian epic on account of Beowulf’s resemblances of Jesus Christ, its allusions to the Bible, and its intimation of a supreme, monotheistic religion.
The oldest of the great lengthy poems written in English and perhaps the lone survivor of a genre of Anglo-Saxon epics, Beowulf, was written by an unknown Christian author at a date that is only estimated. Even so, it is a remarkable narrative story in which the poet reinvigorates the heroic language, style, and values of Germanic oral poetry. He intertwines a number of themes including good and evil, youth and old age, paganism and Christianity and the heroic ideal code, into his principal narrative and numerous digressions and episodes; all of which were extremely important to his audience at the time. Vengeance, part of the heroic code, was regarded differently by the two distinct religions.
Since humans first emerged into the intellectual sphere of literature, extravagant tales of mystical lands, bloody wars, and gallant heroes spread far and wide. All treasured tales transpire time, From trespassing viking warlords, to poetic french vineyards, and indian tribes across the sea, each culture remains coated in these tales. In the twenty first century there is no need for memorizing stories, however in times gone by stories were circulated by tune or voice until christianity began to spread worldwide. Beowulf, written by an anonymous christian monk, possesses a timeless approach of a classic fight for love and glory; a case of do or die to audiences across the span of a lifetime with intricate tones,
The unknown author of Beowulf uses examples throughout the poem that suggest the story comes from an "oral" tradition. In the poem Beowulf, a Germanic scop, or bard, recites poetry orally, or in a song, usually telling stories about historical triumphs and adventures. These poets were referred to in this epic poem as "carriers of tales..., traditional singer[s] deeply schooled in the lore[s] of the past" (Beowulf 50). This was common in Germanic culture. Scops would keep folkloric heroes alive in the "oral" tradition. They passed down stories orally from one generation to the next.
There are disagreements on ideology. Thus, as the world is challenged with change, many will search for stability and something or someone to reassure one's self everything will be alright. The assumption that is often made by many, in the epic Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf, is that due to the Christian elements within this poem it is not just powerfully influenced by Christian beliefs, but also projects an overall Christian theme and accordingly condemns the Anglo-Saxon's pagan belief system. However, there are also pagan elements within the poem that challenge the intent of the epic and how it is conclusively depicted with a full Christian theme. As the reader embarks to discover whether or not Christianity is cloaked throughout the epic poem, one must examine the tale of Beowulf; alongside the character Beowulf, his characteristics and the distinct qualities that he possesses in which seem to be parallel with Christianity, as well as Jesus Christ.
Religion, to some people, is a huge part of their everyday lives. Throughout time religion has played large roles in history. The entertainment in which people indulge in can stem from religion. Before modern time religion was the center of most people's lives. Being in the church was the most important thing, if they did not have the church, they had nothing. Religion has influenced writing, songs, plays, movies, and architecture. Now the most common religion is Christianity. However, it was not always like that. Paganism ruled parts of the world for some time. Paganism and Christianity influenced the story of Beowulf. The differences in the Pagan and Christian religion can contradict themselves and leave the question on which religion the epic belongs to.
Contained within the epic poem Beowulf is the continuous, underlying theme of good versus evil – the shift from paganism to Christianity. Although this epic consists of the battle between the hero, Beowulf, and the monster, Grendel (and Grendel’s mother, as well), the main overture of the story is that of the new Christian belief triumphing over evil and the old pagan beliefs. This value is but one of many that contrast the pagan and Christian principles in Anglo-Saxon and in Beowulf. The blending and cultivation of these two religions are central to the tale, and to early Anglo-Saxon life. Moreover, this shift was crucial for Christianity’s acceptance into a pagan and polytheistic- based society.
Beowulf was written in England about sometime in the 8th century. This provides us with an idea of that when the poem was written during a time when society was in the process if being converted from the Paganism Religion to the Christianity Religion. The Christian influences were combined with the early folklores and heroic legends of the German tribes, that whether or not Christian and bible influences were added later on to the original document. The fact that Christianity and Paganism were so closely intertwined with each other in the poem is the reason that Beowulf has both of the influences of Christianity and Paganism influences. The Pagan elements in the poem of Beowulf are shown by the character’s having superhuman personifications. Beowulf is depicted as a superhero, who takes it upon himself to save the great Danes from the monster Grendel. In his battle with Grendel, Beowulf chooses not to use weapons against the monster Grendel. He wants to fight him in a fair fight, he relies on his super strength to win the fight. During the fight, his strength takes over and he wrestles with Grendel until he is able to rip, Grendel’s arm out of socket. Let’s start with how Christianity was introduced, by the character Beowulf always trusting in god as his protector and how that God uses him as an epic hero type to slay the monsters Grendel and the other monsters as well that are hurting King Hrothgar and his people. Beowulf’s courage and faith is shown throughout the story,
Beowulf was written by an unknown author but is suspected to have been written by a Christian monk around 700-1000 A.D. This poem is known as the mother poem of England and one of the most influential works. All throughout the poem, we are introduced to the religions Christianity and paganism. Paganism is a “dark mystical religion from dark ages and is polytheistic religion and worship more than one god in the wilderness and they make idols out of wood or stone that they pray to.” Christianity is the “Belief in God the Father, Jesus Christ as the Son of God, and the Holy Spirit.” Christianity and paganism contradict each other many times during the poem and they both work together to show how Beowulf reacts with both fate and God at his side. The unknown author does a remarkable job at combining the two to show how other characters also react to both. Although never precisely told which religion Beowulf is, the unknown author shows the combination of Beowulf's religion is paganism, Christianity, and is even able to combine and show the cross of the two and how it affects him.
The intermingling of Christian ideas and classical rhetoric has set the foundation for many centuries of literature works. The overlap of elements appeals to readers who are accustomed to Biblical language while simultaneously engaging with their imaginative experience of a secular world, an expression that is observed in the epic poem Beowulf. Commonly cited as one of the most important works of Old English literature, the poem provides valuable insight into a culture that resembles our own societal challenges while simultaneously remaining distant from the present-day world. This analytical essay will focus on the strategic use of words and phrases and how the poets emphasis on religious association invokes the answers to many central human perplexities. Through its use of repetitive elements and various motifs within Christian and pagan values, the poet builds on the many elements within virtuous philosophy. Although many analytical dissertations interpret the influence that Beowulf’s diction has on Christian ideals, it is critical to examine how the poem s religious expression affects its pagan characters.
In the 11th Century, cultures in Europe were experiencing cultural diffusion. The previously Pagan values were being replaced with the rapidly expanding Christian faith. Although this change was occurring, the literature still held on to Pagan values. Previously, literature was based on the prominent warrior culture. Cultural diffusion caused the writers to include more Christian values into their works while also referring elements of Pagan values and the Warrior’s code. Two literary works in particular, Beowulf and the “The Dream of the Rood” are influenced by this culture shift. In Beowulf, the main character is a hero who slays beasts and rules his people, applying to both the Warrior’s code of the Pagan culture and Christian values. In “The Dream of the Rood,” the narrator dreams of Christ’s crucifixion which exemplifies the values of Christian culture by telling the story of the most important event in Christian beliefs, along with subtly including Pagan values to apply to the audience of their time. Among the many traits of Pagan and Christian values, heroism is most prominent.