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Bii-Directional Technology Research Paper

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4.2 Breathe Powered Bi-Directional TM Technology.
Bi-Directional Breath Powered drug delivery technology exploits the normal breath process of the body to deposit the drug on nasal epithelium [128]. This Bi-Directional™ technology could be utilized to any type of dispersion technologies related to liquid and powder. When delivery of drug is required, a user exhaled into the mouthpiece of device, soft palate is elevated and the nasal cavity is isolated from the rest of respiratory system. The patient exhaled force emitted the medication from device into nostril while closure of the soft palate prevented the entry of drug to the lungs. Expended nasal passage delivered medication deep into the targeted area of the nasal cavity. When medicine is …show more content…

Traditional nasal devices deliver drug in or anterior to this valve. Optinose is a biopharmaceutical company, patented closed-palate Bi-Directional™ Breath Powered® DDSs. This technology used exhale device to target the drug to upper posterior part of the nasal cavity, beyond this valve [130]. Role of oxytocin has already been explored in the treatment of autism spectrum. Higher doses of oxytocin are required for IN spray delivery, led to adverse effects. Bidirectional technology is highly effective for IN delivery of powder form of oxytocin in small doses. In this regard, a randomized four-way crossover trial was conducted by Quintana et al. to study the dose dependent effect of oxytocin on social cognition using Breath Powered Optinose device (OPN). Oxytocin (OT) was delivered with an Optinose exhaler device to healthy volunteers and direct nose to brain transport activity of OT was studied. Although, similar plasma concentration was achieved with IV administered and OPN delivered OT but specific social-cognitive response was observed with OPN delivered OT, indicated OPN directly transported drug across nasal mucosa to brain utilizing neural connection. Moreover, a lower dose of OPN-OT was more efficacious than higher dose of OPN-OT in …show more content…

This Bi-Directional™ technology could be utilized to any type of dispersion technologies related to liquid and powder. When delivery of drug is required, a user exhaled into the mouthpiece of device, soft palate is elevated and the nasal cavity is isolated from the rest of respiratory system. The patient exhaled force emitted the medication from device into nostril while closure of the soft palate prevented the entry of drug to the lungs. Expended nasal passage delivered medication deep into the targeted area of the nasal cavity. When medicine is delivered to the targeted sites, air following “Bi-Directional™ flow path” flowed around to the opposite side of the nasal cavity and exit through the other side of the nose rather than into the throat or lungs, as depicted in fig 6 [129, 130]. Nasal valve is a narrow opening in the nasal cavity, created a barrier for delivery of drug to brain. Neural connection to brain is located posterior to this valve. Traditional nasal devices deliver drug in or anterior to this valve. Optinose is a biopharmaceutical company, patented closed-palate Bi-Directional™ Breath Powered® DDSs. This technology used exhale device to target the drug to upper posterior part of the nasal cavity, beyond this valve [130]. Role of oxytocin has already been explored in the treatment of autism spectrum. Higher doses

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