You have been assigned three organisms in a separate document. You may choose ONE of the three organisms listed based on your interest from answering the questions above.
Answer the following questions about the organism that you chose from your three options. 1.
Do some research on each organism, and look up some pictures of the organism.
Describe the organism’s structure in detail. What does it look like? Where in the human host does it live? o Cryptococcus neoformans infects the lungs or central nervous system which is also known as the brain and spinal cord in humans. o The organism is coccus shaped, and appears cream colored when in a petri dish. The organism also is enclosed within a polysaccharide capsule, there is a
cell
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o
The life cycle of
Cryptococcus neoformans include the fungi being present in nature, being ingested by birds, and expelled through feces, which make spores that are inhaled. The spores make their way to the lungs and adhere to alveoli, eventually making their way to the central nervous system.
3.
Describe how this organism causes disease. What are its virulence factors? Are symptoms mainly caused by damage to the host by the organism itself, or by the host immune response to the organism? o Cryptococcus neoformans may cause a cough, chest pain, fever, shortness of breath, headache, neck pain, vomiting, lethargy, sensitivity to light, confusion, nausea, death, or weight loss. o A virulence factor is present with the fungus’s polysaccharide capsule. This aid the infection when entering the body and infecting the individual. Other factors include proteases, phospholipases, and superoxide dismutase. o Once the Fungi is in the body it remains silent until opportunity reveals itself weakening the immune system so the fungi can make its way to the lungs then to the central nervous system.
4.
Describe the disease(s) caused by this organism along with their
Please answer these questions then place them in the drop box for this lab. Use Microsoft word if possible.
1. Understanding epidemiologic concepts of the chain of transmission of organisms from host to victim, describe how EH could have been infected.
1. Down the respiratory tract into the lungs. Coughs, cold, influenza and other common airborne infections are contracted in this fashion.
1. The anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the
During my walk in Oral Robert University, I have discovered new adventures and paths that lead me to believe Jesus is and will always be the best thing that ever happened to me. In my discipline, which is biology, I have seen and experience many ups and downs, I have heard the mentality of some of my school mates when they tell me their view between biology and Christianity. Thankfully I never doubted about my beliefs. I am thankful I did not mix my knowledge of biology and my faith with Jesus in a way that I would have to stop believing either one. I love biology, but I love Jesus the most. Instead, biology did in fact helped me realize the amazing creation of our God behind every part of science. How do we show that to the rest of biologist out there? It is important to switch the presupposition that goes against or in different ways to Christianity, to ultimately reveal the truth to even those who are strongly opposed to Christ in the scientific world; introducing a Christian Theism world, and finally guide their beliefs and actions towards the living Christ.
A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons rather than molecules is classified as a Redox reaction. A reaction involving the loss of electrons is called Oxidation, and a reaction involving the gain of electrons is called Reduction. Oxidation and Reduction always occur together, as one reactant loses electrons, and the other gains them. This exchange often effects the physical states of molecules, as their solubility is changed with their charge.
1) The layer of the GI tract wall that is responsible for motility is the
(d.) Biologists agree that there is sufficient evidence to concede to the sexual selection hypothesis and that the food competition hypothesis needs further testing.
The first organism you discover possesses a nucleus and seems to be engulfing another organism. Describe and defend two possible Linnaean classifications and two group classifications for this organism. (5 pts)
Most cells are small because diffusion can take place at a quicker rate. The convolutions allow for more space to be able to be used in order to get molecules across the membrane. These small cells allow for materials to quickly be able to reach the cell membrane and get in or out of the cell, without having to make a long journey from an inside part of the cell.
Overwhelming, deleterious host immune response to an infection due to release of chemicals to fight the infection 2• 1
The skunk squirts a nasty fluid on its predator which can: Blind the predator/Paralyse the predator.
Lab Manual Introductory Biology (Version 1.4) © 2010 eScience Labs, LLC All rights reserved www.esciencelabs.com • 888.375.5487 2 Table of Contents: Introduction: Lab 1: The Scientific Method Lab 2: Writing a Lab Report Lab 3: Data Measurement Lab 4: Introduction to the Microscope Biological Processes: Lab 5: The Chemistry of Life
pneumoniae and there chemotactic signals and the host cell’s alternate pathway, invade the alveoli. Also red blood cells are recruited to this site. In the third stage, mostly neutrophils are packed into the alveoli and very few bacteria remain. In the final stage, macrophages eliminate the remaining residue from the inflammatory response. As one can see, the damage which is done to the lung is largely a result of the host’s inflammatory response, which causes the build up of fluids in the lungs. If S. pneumoniae is allowed to persist in the lungs it can then invade the blood, which causes bacteremia. When in the blood it can traverse the blood-brain barrier and infect the meninges, which results in meningitis. S. pneumoniae is also associated with diseases in other parts of the respiratory tract including the paranasal sinuses, which is better known as sinusitis, and the middle ear can become infected, which is known as otitis media. It has also been known to cause peritonitis, an inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal wall, and it is also implicated in causing arthritis.