Botox Injection In Muscles

Muscle contraction can be understood as the consequence of a process of transmission of action potentials from one neuron to another. A chemical called acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic neuron. As the postsynaptic cells on the muscle cell membrane receive the acetylcholine, the channels for the cations sodium and potassium are opened. These cations produce a net depolarization of the cell membrane and this electrical signal travels along the muscle fibers. Through the movement of calcium ions, the muscle action potential is taken into actual muscle contraction with the interaction of two types of proteins, actin and myosin.

Botox consists of injections of botulin toxin, a poison that paralyzes the muscles. Some side effects include eye drooping, headaches, reduced blinking, and nausea that could last up to a couple of months. The injection can also cause side effects including facial pain, swelling, redness, and bruising (Flynn). By paralyzing different facial muscles, Botox may temporarily leave a smoother, wrinkle-free appearance, leaving the patient more confident in their own skin. Botox has short-term side effects that include bruising, allergic reactions, or paralysis of the wrong muscle group. A research study found that Botox might dampen or interfere with the ability to experience emotion in certain situations as well. When the muscle becomes paralyzed, the patient is incapable of moving/flexing those certain muscles in their face causes them to show less emotion physically (Ranoux). This can lead to long-term effects like depression if one keeps up the injections in those facial areas to take away the wrinkles. While this is an extreme case of Botox, there are many incidents that include this kind of reaction and some even concluding with

Through my research I found that Botox, the trade name for Botulinum Toxin type A, is a "neuromuscular junction blocking agent produced by the bacterium Clostridium Botulinum" ("Botulinum Toxin"). In other words, Botox is derived from the same poisonous bacterium which causes botulism - a deadly food poisoning. The Botox works "by blocking the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which results in muscle weakness. It does not alter the muscle or the nerve, but prevents the relay of information between the two" ("Botulinum Toxin"). Therefore, Botox is beneficial in the treatment of wrinkles and frown lines because it causes specific muscles to relax, which in turn lessens the lines of facial expressions. Because Botox relaxes specific muscles, it is also used to treat a variety of medical conditions dealing with muscle spasms.

Are you thinking of getting botox Frisco TX? If so, you’re one of the many who look to the injections to improve their appearances, and help with certain medical issues. If you’ve never received Botox treatments before, you may not know all there is to know about what it can do, and what to expect.

The structure of neuromuscular junction consists of a neuron and skeletal muscle cell. The motor neurons, which arise from the spinal cord, supply the skeletal muscle fibers. The neuromuscular junction is un-myelin nerve with a bulb shape at the endings that contract the muscle fiber. The schwann cells form a covering over the postsynaptic membrane and nerve membrane of the fiber that is located under the terminal and is categorized as a post-junction folds. The area between the folds and the bulbs create the synaptic cleft. This consists of proteins and proteoglycans. The enzyme acetylcholinesterase; exist only at high levels in the synaptic basal lamina (UMN,

There are many things that happen internally and externally in our bodies every day. Exocytosis and neuromuscular junction help us understand how Botox works. Exocytosis is the process where secretory proteins are transported out of the cell (Alberts, et al., 2014). In addition to this, neurotransmitters are released. Neuromuscular Junction is a synapse that is formed between a muscle fiber and motor neuron which causes the muscle to contract (Alberts, et al., 2014). Botox is a drug made from a neurotoxin. An example of this would be Botulinum neurotoxin type A. Overall, the process of exocytosis, the neuromuscular junctions, and Botox can help with muscular conditions.

Botulinium toxin injections. Botulinium toxin is a substance produced by bacteria that causes muscle paralysis. Injecting this toxin into the muscles around the eye may control blepharospasm for up to three months. Injections are done with a tiny needle. They can be repeated as needed.

muscle fiber (University of Minnesota, 2011). At the neuromuscular junction, the motor neuron is able to send a signal to the muscle fiber which ultimately allows for muscle contraction. The operation, when the neurotransmitter, are released by a neuron begins when the action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of the neuron, which then activates calcium channels allowing calcium ions to enter the neurons. The calcium ions that entered the neuron then bind to a sensory protein like synaptotagmin, releasing vesicle fusion across the cell membrane. Vesicles are

toxin A and E cleave a bond in SNAP-25, but A cleaves the peptide bond between Gln197-Arg198 whilst E cleaves Arg180-Ile181. Only one peptide bond in the SNARE protein is cleaved by the catalytic domain of the light chain, even though there may be more occurrences of the same bond within the structure. The reason for this was speculated to be due to structural differences between the serotypes and that the binding domain of each may be in a different position so that when the toxin binds to its substrate it changes its orientation to cleave the peptide bond that is ideal in correspondence with the change in orientation. The effect of the peptide bond cleavage is revealed once an action potential reaches the neuron. An action potential at the neuron depolarises the membrane and this causes an influx of Ca2+ ions in the axon. The formation of a neurotransmitter occurs when acetyl-CoA and choline react to produce acetylcholine in a process catalysed by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase. The calcium ions stimulate neurotransmitter release and thus acetylcholine molecules want to leave the cell via

Botulinum toxine healps to balance the differences in face gained during infancy. For example if the eyebrow has raised too high, Botox helps to bring it back to the same level with the other eyebrow. In addition, Botox helps to cure unintentional blinks, migren, sweating, unnatural position of the head and neck and even misaligned eyes.

Botox is short for Botulinum Type A Toxin, a protein complex produced by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. Botox injection is one of the newest and among the most popular cosmetic procedures for wrinkles. Botox works magically to smooth out facial lines by preventing the muscles that cause frown lines from contracting. Only a tiny amount of this toxin is used in Botox injection for beautification purposes. According to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS), more than 1.6 million people received injection in 2001, which is a 46 percent increased from the previous year.[2]

When acetylcholine reaches the muscles side of neuromuscular junction, it attaches and locks into receptors. If anything interferes with these steps, the nerve will not be able to control muscle contraction. When there is an interruption of normal communication between the nerves and the muscles at the neuromuscular junction, myasthenia gravis occur. This interruption is caused by antibodies that prevent acetylcholine from reaching muscle by destroying or blocking the receptors.

The synapse at the axon terminal of the postganglionic neuron and the target effector cell (in the form of muscle or gland) uses epinephrine/norepinephrine (adrenaline/noradrenaline) (AK Lectures, 2014)

As soon as the electrical signal reaches the end of the axon, mechanism of chemical alteration initiates. First, calcium ion spurt into the axon terminal, leading to the release of neurotransmitters “molecules released neurons which carries information to the adjacent cell”. Next, inside the axon terminal, neurotransmitter molecules are stored inside a membrane sac called vesicle. Finally, the neurotransmitter molecule is then discharged in synapse space to be delivered to post synaptic neuron.

Intramuscular injection is used for the delivery of certain drugs not recommended for other routes of administration, for instance intravenous, oral, or subcutaneous. The intramuscular route offers a faster rate of absorption than the subcutaneous route, and muscle tissue can often hold a larger volume of fluid without discomfort. In contrast, medication injected into muscle tissues is absorbed less rapidly and takes effect more slowly that medication that is injected intravenously. This is favorable