Bowlby Attachment Theory Essay

Any victim of sexual abuse faces the chance of having their development impacted. This is especially true amongst children. Studies have proven that children who have been sexually abused by a female offender often have different developmental experiences (T.A. Gannon, 2008, p. 356). Mental illness is yet another impact that victims face. Many sexual abuse victims transpire into states of depression, rage, and suicide; they even have strained relationships with certain individuals (Denov, 2014, p.

Family violence is always disheartening. Childhood sexual abuse is by far the worse. There are many forms of childhood sexual abuse. The sexual abuse can involve seduction by a beloved relative or it can be a violent act committed by a stranger. Childhood sexual trauma causes psychological, interpersonal, and behavioral. This paper will show a first account of the impact of childhood trauma.

Precious is a movie based on the novel Push by Sapphire (Daniels and Fletcher, 2008). It is on the life of an illiterate 16 year old African American girl, Claireece “Precious” Jones. (Natividad, 2010). I have applied John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory and Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development on the film. These theories helped identify an understanding of the characters, family group, and community in the film. I have primarily assessed Precious as the chosen character. This paper will analyze the many factors in assessing her human behavior.

The attachment theory of Bowlby (1980) helps to explain human bonding, conceptualize attachment, and proximity seeking. According to Lee and Hankin (2009) comfort received from caregiver reassure a child that at the time of distress caregiver will be with them. Furthermore, Lee and Hankin (2009) explains that the attachment within infant-caregiver is regarded as a basis for future relation dynamics of a child. Child, who is having anxious attachment are having difficulty to take caregiver as a secure person and they are characterized as anxious person (Lee & Hankin, 2009). Hamilton (2000) explained about a 12-year longitudinal study that found infant attachment style helps to predict attachment style in adolescence. In addition, a meta-analysis

Research suggests that infant’s brain continues to develop long after birth and infant’s first relationships have long-lasting effects on their later learning and development. John Bowlby’s attachment theory focuses on the idea that the bond between a child and mother, is an important part of children’s healthy emotional development in their childhood and later in life. A key point of Bowlby’s theory shows that infants go through stages when forming relationships with caregivers. Bowlby suggests that infants that are six weeks to six- eight months old, start to respond differently to caregivers they know, then to strangers. They then start to show signs of attachment to a familiar caregiver from this age (Berk, 2013, p. 429).

John Bowlby’s attachment theory (1991) argued that infants are motivated to engage in an organized behavioral system that ensures preferred others, usually the primary caregivers, remain close, provide support and function as a “secure base”. Bowlby, along with other theorists (e.g. Ainsworth, 1969, 1985, 1989, 1991; Main et al., 1985; Sroufe and Waters, 1977), argues that the ways in which adult individuals form intimate bonds with other individuals are influenced by the patterns of relationships with primary caregivers established in childhood. In attachment theory, it is a fundamental tenet that the security or lack of it, experiences in the child-parent relationship forms a template for the patterns of interpersonal relationships the child

A mother and child’s bond is one of the most precious things ever, but have you ever wondered why? Most importantly, how does the attachment between a mother and child affect the development of the child? This paper will depict the main ideas of attachment as it is theorized by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth and it will further show how their theories relate to the theory of Erik Erikson. I will also share my personal experience of attachment and how I can use these theory aspects in my professional career.

Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969) has been considered a significant theory in psychology (Holmes, 1993). Bowlby defined attachment as, “any form of behaviour that results in a person attaining or retaining proximity to some differentiated and preferred individual” (1973, p.292). Contrasting with theorists such as, Klein (1952), who proposed that the relationship between a child and their mother is based upon food and morality, Bowlby (1969) believed in the significance of the primary caregiver signifying care and being consistently responsive to the child’s needs. However, Bowlby’s (1969) attachment theory was suggested to be directly influenced by Freud (1936) who introduced the psychoanalytical approach to psychology, because it builds upon

C1: ‘John Bowlby believed that relationships are key to meeting the emotional needs of young children’ (Taylor et al, 2012 pg19). Bowlby’s believes that children will need a strong attachment with their primary care giver as it will help children to be emotionally confident in adulthood. He also developed an attachment theory, this suggests that children and young people need a strong and stable relationship with their primary career. As the young person will be receiving one to one key worker, it is important that you follow Bowlby's theory. Following Bowlby's will help to make sure a positive relationships is created and the young person can feel comfortable with their key worker.

Bowlby Attachment Theory states that that attachment was characterized by clear behavioral and motivation patterns. When children are frightened, they will seek proximity from their primary caregiver in order to receive both comfort and care. (Cherry, 2016). A 11 month girl just settled and get used to the room routines recently, she started exploring the curriculum within reaching distance by her primary caregiver. I tried to build relationship with her by engaging her in exploring the musical instrument. She was happy with my accompany and interaction. By accident, another child walked passing by and lost balance knocked on her, she was frightened and upset. I offer her a comfort cuddle while I was just next by, she refused and seeking a

Steven Mitchell Attachment Theory and the Psychoanalytic Tradition: Reflections on Human Relationality is an interesting article in that it highlights the importance of personal relationships and human interaction and explores the difference between Bowlby’s attachment theory and psychoanalysis. Both psychoanalysis and attachment theory has respective approaches regarding how one comes to understand human nature and the individual. His use of clinical vignette helps to solidify the idea of the transactional understanding of the patient therapist relationship. Mitchell approach draws from other major psychoanalytic theorists such as Fairbairn, Loewald, Sullivan, Winicott, and Bowlb.

179). Marsh (2008) further reports that people who are exposed to severe trauma and PTSD symptomatology further exacerbate their mental health with other co-occuring psychological disorders, particularly depression. Children who have been sexually abused suffer psychological and emotional consequences at the time it occurs and when they reach adolescence (Geldard, Geldard, & Foo, 2015). Van der Kolk (2001) highlights depression, self hatred, dissociation, suicidal ideation and relationship problems as common psychological symptoms (cited in Marsh, 2008). Widon (1994) asserts that ‘sexual victimization prior to adolescence contributes to the risk of delinquency in young people’ (cited in Geldard & Geldard, 2014, pp.24). According to Alexander and Kempe (1984) the most serious type of sexual abuse is ‘incest between father and daughter’ (cited in Geldard & Geldard, 2014, pp. 25). Studies show that victims are reluctant to divulge their childhood sexual abuse (Read, Hammersley, & Rudegair,

Bowlby’s evolutionary theory of attachment hypothesizes that when children come into the world they are already biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others, due to survival skills. He claimed that caregiver attachments has profound implications for child’s security and capacity to form trusting relationship. There are four phases; Preattachment phase (birth - 6 weeks) attachment in making (6 weeks - 6 to 8 months) clear cut attachment (6 to 8 months to 18months to 2 years) and formation of reciprocal relationship ( 18 months to 2 years on.) Ainsworth’s strange situation theory is theory of attachment. She observed the attachment relationships between a caregiver and a child. There are four types of attachment: secure, insecure-ambivalent,

There are many theories in regards to early infant attachment and subsequent development. One very common theory is John Bowlby’s theory, which describes the special relationship that develops over the first year of life between infants and the people who care for them (Gross, 2011). Bowlby’s theory focuses on the assumption that early life experiences will in advertently affect one’s development. Internal working models, coined by Bowlby, are defined as infants’ cognitive abilities increase and enable infants to form a representation of their relationship with the caregiver. Applying this theory, an infant uses memorable experiences, both negative and/or positive, to develop their relationship with a person. For example, if an infant experiences

A non-judgemental attitude was maintained throughout my reading. I felt empathy and compassion towards her at the end. A history of sexual assault by her father, living alone in her own rented accommodation, not maintaining good relationship with her mother even though she is alive. All these contribute to say that she is a victim of sexual abuse and neglect and have its long term effects in her adulthood. Below I have mentioned some of the long term effects of sexual assault and neglect generally and in Samantha’s case.