Boxer Rebellion

Pun Chi said in his appeal to congress, “... we came here presuming that our arrival would be hailed with cordiality and favor… we Chinese are viewed like… enemies….” He then continues further in his appeal multiple injustices that have been happening to Chinese immigrants, that include Chinese not being allowed to bring action or testify against white men, humiliation of the Chinese, and others. Men went over to China and painted such a beautiful picture of America, but when the immigrants arrived they were treated with such disrespect and so cruelly that it is unjustifiable. One can argue that the men who journeyed to foreign

is transformed into positive violence” (Thurman, 75). Thurman made me think that the reason why so many issues that occurred and led to violence is because many people did not have that love they needed. So many people walk around with so much hatred and the only way they can express that is through hurting others that is when the term hurt people hurt people become active. The reason behind that is because when something tragic happens in a person’s life they seek revenge and they rather hurt another person, so they can feel that same pain. Thurman also expresses that “Hatred cannot be defined, but it can only be described” (Thurman, 75).

Among its provisions were allied demands for the execution, exile, degradation, and dismissal of officials charged with collaborating with the Boxers; the suspension of official examinations (based on classical texts of Confucianism) for five years in cities where Boxer activity had taken place; foreign occupation of the Beijing-Tianjin corridor; the erection of expiatory statues of von Ketteler and other “martyrs”; and a crippling indemnity of $333 million. The indemnity, payable over thirty-nine years at 4 percent interest, required installments nearly matching the annual revenue of the empire.

Some Americans recognized the racism in Nativism and unlike the majority, advocated for Chinese immigrants. For example, Twain and Addams were public supporters of the immigration and integration of Chinese people. Twain, a 19th century author, stated in his book, Roughing It, that Chinese immigrants, rather than being menacing to the U.S., are “a harmless race when white men either let them alone or treat them no worse than dogs” (Document 4). Twain recognized the abuses that the American people

Documen F is a collection of excerpts from the Treaty of Nanking, which is the document that ended the first Opium War. This document contains various benefits for the British such as the ceding of Hong Kong and the payment of six million dollars for the deaths of British soldiers during the war. This document expresses the actions of the British to extend further control over China by acquiring from them a major port and a significant sum of money. The Treaty of Nanking is one of many “unequal treaties” that the British employed to provide favorable conditions for themselves. Document G is written by Feng Kuei-Fen and articulates his discontent of British power over China.

After he finished his airplane anti-chinese sentiment was on the rise in America. According to Maksel Feng left just in time, ”Feng was leaving just in time: anti-chinese sentiment was on the rise in the American west’, and the Oregonian reported of the pilot’s latest flight : “Immigration officials and custom inspectors are today said to be gnashing their teeth’. This shows that anti-chinese sentiment was on the rise since the inspectors and immigration officials are said to be “gnashing their teeth” . Even though Feng Ru faced great difficulties, he still pursued his dream. Although anti-chinese sentiment was on the rise, Feng Ru still followed his dream and took great risks to realize it.

We are “perpetuating a cycle of violence unworthy of a civilized society,” to quote Bernice King, “retribution cannot light the way to the genuine healing that

Several hundred soldiers and civilians swept into six Chinese run cafes to break the furniture, loot cash registers and steal goods. This/ took place in Chinatown Halifax

On the day of October 18th, 1867, The United States takes formal possession of Alaska. The territory was purchased from Russia for 7.2 million dollars, which is less than two cents per acre. The purchased was championed by William Henry Seward, who served as President Andrew Johnson’s secretary at the time. Seward had negotiated the deal with the Russian Prime minister at the time, Eduard de Stoeckl. Russia had interests in selling the Alaskan territory, and decided that it was better to sell it, rather than lose it in a war. After the purchase had been final, it was named “Seward’s Folly.” Americans, at the time, believed that Alaska was a barren icy wasteland, so it was not the most popular of deals. It wasn’t until a year later, that Alaska Territory would be ratified. In 1896, Alaska had become more favorable, when the discovery of gold in its Klondike River had taken place. Alaska

Mark Twain and Maxine Hong Kingston are both influential writers when it comes to the history of the Chinese Immigrants. Bother of them showed a great amount of detail on their journey to America. Mark Twain actually pities the “friendless Mongol,” there were many superficial stereotypes of the Chinese immigrants (Ou 33). Twain ridicules the American’s racist attitudes against the Chinese. For example, in Roughing It, he wrote,

Barely armed Chinese soldiers were lured out of the city under the pretense that the Japanese would give them provisions should they cooperate. Instead, the soldiers were murdered immediately outside of the walls. An order was given to the Japanese military and it stated this: "Battalion battle reporter, at 2:00 received order from the regiment commander to comply with orders from brigade commanding headquarters, all prisoners of war are to be executed. Method of execution: Divide the prisoners into groups of a dozen. Shoot to kill separately . . . Our intentions are absolutely not to be detected by the prisoners." (p. 41)

Ch’en She and Wu Kuang were ordinary bottom of the barrel paid laborers. They had no choice because the imperial enemy, the Chin Dynasty, had complete control of it’s people. When weather conditions made it impossible for these men to reach their destination they knew they’d all be executed because, “according to law, men who failed to arrive at the appointed time were executed.” (78) Regardless of what these poor nine hundred men did the mission was suicide.

On that same day, December 13th, many civilians tried to escape but were stuck due to no transportation coming to them so some decided to swim away. The Japanese opened fire on the people trying to escape and more than 50,000 people were killed. When the Japanese went into the city, they would fire at everyone they saw in the streets no matter who it was. Many Chinese soldiers were captured in suburban areas before the Japanese entered the city. The rest of the soldiers scattered into the city in civilian clothes in hopes to not get killed, but the Japanese arrested anyone who looked to be a

Of course Lin had been a man of morale’s and didn’t take suspect that an entire government would have been supporting an illegal activity. However it was obvious that war was the inevitable outcome following this incident, thus the begging of the Opium Wars. The British then sent a small fleet of ships from India, which would occupy Shanghai, and penetrated deeper into China

It is in fact plausible that foreign intervention played a role in influencing some of the change between 1900-1912. The introduction of such heavily influenced western reforms resulted in further hatred of the foreign occupiers and thus sparking the launch of an anti-westerners campaign, known as the Boxer Rebellion. Consequences of tighter western controls took place, including further foreign presence and involvement, which was explicit in the humiliating imposition of punitive measures. These sanctions consisted of a $450 million reparation, weaponry destroyed and the permanent stationing of foreign troops in and around Beijing. The punishments brought about an atmosphere of utter embarrassment and fear but also encouraged a lack of distrust in the Manchus; the event validated the imperial government’s incapability to lead China to liberation. Although the financial cost caused some apprehension, it didn’t amount to economic turmoil – the penalties actually caused a change in the nation’s perception towards the Manchu dynasty as opposed to an economic transformation. The reparations led the Chinese to have an increasingly negative stance towards the dynasty, diminishing any respect the imperial rulers upheld.