Buerger's Disease

Extensive clinical studies have proven that smoking is a major factor in the development and progression of arterial sclerosis. Additionally, the risk of heart disease is more than twice that of non-smokers. According to the University of California at Berkeley, “Anywhere from 20 to 40% (100,000 to 200,000 every year) of all heart disease deaths in the U.S. are directly attributable to smoking.

History of Present Illness: Mr. Olson is a very pleasant 57-year-old gentleman with multiple medical problems to include severe COPD, who is here today for an initial consultation for his shortness of breath. He is followed by a pulmonologist Dr. William Goodman, at the Veteran Affairs Administration. His last evaluation there was in February 2015. Mr. Olson states he has had ongoing dyspnea on exertion over the last two years. He complains of minimal cough. He does note some sinus problems for which he is on Flovent. In the past, he has had pulmonary function testing that did demonstrate reversible airflow obstruction, therefore he likely has some component of asthma overlay. He states that occasionally has chest tightness and chest heaviness. He has gained about 25 pounds over the last year. He is currently using Spiriva, albuterol as needed as well as Symbicort. He is also using supplemental oxygen at 2.5L per minute at night as well as on an as needed basis during the day. Mr. Olson admits to continued tobacco use with about a half pack to a pack a day. He states that when he is feeling depressed, he will smoke more.

On June 6, 2016, at approximate 4:31 PM I, Officer, McMillom #135 of the MISD PD was dispatched to Willie Pigg Auditorium in regards to an unknown B/F on stage with at Taser.

A chest X-ray and CT scan result demonstrated a cavitation of the right lower pulmonary lobe. This result alone along with Bob’s history of smoking is a big red flag related to lung cancer. Bob’s history reveals that he has been smoking a ½ pack or more per day for 37 years. According to a study done on the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of lung cancer, habitual smokers have the highest risk of developing cancer of the lung than any other cancer (Herth, Eberhardt, Ernst, 2006). The study also concludes that a related association with lung cancer is swelling of the tissue, lung tumors and/cavitation, lymph in the bronchioles, and paratracheal areas. The swelling can lead to an obstructed airway, which matches Bob’s symptoms as well. Chest pain, stridor, and chest pain are all indications of complications in the respiratory system.

Jame Baldwin describes his early life in his essay Notes of a Native Son, particularly depicting his relationship with his father and the impact it had on his later life as a black man living in racist America. Baldwin goes into great detail when describing his father and the sickness that clung to him, a sickness of the mind and later an illness that would aid in his death. Over the course of his three part narrative, this sickness resurfaces, as does notions of health, and Baldwin does an excellent job of interweaving the symbol in and out of his piece, eventually touching on the exact nature of the sickness.

The symptoms of Burkitt's depends on the type that the person has acquired. Endemic, which is the African form usually starts as tumors of the facial bones, commonly the jaw, it may affect the gastrointestinal tract, ovaries, and can spread to the Central Nervous System. It can cause nerve damage, paralysis, and weakness. Immunodeficiency and Sporadic, the type that is more often seen in other areas of the world but is more frequently seen in the Untied States. This type usually starts in the bowels and forms a mass in the abdomen, because of this bone marrow, the liver, and spleen are usually involved. These two forms can also start in the ovaries, testis, or other organs and will eventually spread to the brain and spinal cord fluid. Symptoms that are involved with all three variants consist of bowel problems, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, night sweats, unexplained fever, and weight loss.

Tyzzer Disease, Clostridium piliforme, is caused by “gram-negative filamentous rod-shaped bacterium”. (Charles River Research Models and Services, 2009). Ingestion of these infectious spores come from contaminated bedding, feed, water, feces, and nursing mother’s clostridium. Spores are heat resistant and can survive in the environment for years on end. This disease affects wildlife as well as farm and companion animals. Foals who are born to first time mares who have not been exposed to the disease and fed large portions of food high in nitrogen prior to giving birth, are at a great risk for infection.

In 1943 the Economic Administration Main Office made it the first civilian camp and then it eventually became a concentration camp.

He is a primarily at risk from build-up of secretions on his lungs and potential COPD. His notes say he smoked 20 cigarettes a day up until recently but it does not specify how long he has stopped smoking for. Cigarette smoke can cause hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the goblet cells which leads to the mass production of mucus. Cigarette smoke also has an impact the cilia movement which are used to clear secretions, the smoke in cigarettes makes these cilia smaller and move in different ways which makes them unable to remove the build-up of secretions (Lui, 2012). Damage to the cilia is caused by elements in the cigarette smoke for instance carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and nitric oxide. Several studies have shown smoking is linked to respiratory tract infections and build-up of secretions in a smokers lungs (Lui, 2012). Mucociliary is a self-clearing mechanism which allows the body to remove inhaled pathogens and other particles. Pulmonary infections and injury to the lungs in patients with COPD and other lung disorders often occurs when mucociliary function is compromised (Lui,

The pathology of Buerger’s disease takes a toll on the human body. Patients with Buerger’s disease suffer from various side effects such as elevated serum antiendothelial cell antibody titers and impaired peripheral endothelium-dependent

systemic and ocular vascular diseases is cigarette smoking1. It is known that smoking is especially associated with

The colors, fresh air, smells, and sights. Nature, the most beautiful thing in the world. Right? Well not always. Nature holds some of the world's worst creations ever invented. For example mosquitoes, poison ivy and most of all ticks. You shouldn't cut nature out as a part of your life, but you should rather become more cautious. To help you become more cautious and prevent this disease I will explain the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, and preventions.

Introduction: Burkholderia pseudomallei is a natural Gram-negative bacillus which is a soil dwelling bacterium and the reason for melioidosis. The clinical signs of melioidosis are wide and incorporate dispersed infection with organ abscesses, extreme sepsis, and gentle contamination of the skin and delicate tissue. Most patients have danger components for contamination, which incorporate diabetes, overwhelming liquor use, and perpetual pneumonic alternately kidney ailment. The most astounding number of reported cases happens in endemic districts of Thailand and Australia. In 2006, melioidosis and tuberculosis death rates in northeast Thailand and Australia were increased. The primary problem for controlling this disease is detection of bacteria B.pseudomallei which take 3-7 days to detect and it is not accurate. In addition it is resistant to empiric antibiotic reagents. The detection is done by using serum and urine samples. To control this disease we need accurate and fast detection technique.

Another cardiovascular malfunction that cigarette smoking may cause are strokes. A stroke is damage to the brain caused by leakage from a ruptured blood vessel or an interruption in blood supply. Nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke affect the adhesives of blood platelets, the main clotting factor in blood. This can cause blood vessels to harden and form blood clots that can flow to the brain, a major cause of strokes. Nicotine can also cause the blood vessels to constrict. When a smokers arteries become too constricted,

Smoking creates toxins in the blood. This greatly contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fatty material is deposited along the walls of the arteries. This fatty material thickens, hardens, and can eventually block the arteries if not treated. Clots may also form around the plaque deposits. Smoking raises the levels of proteins that cause the blood to clot and also increases platelet production, making the blood stickier which further creates risk for clots. This also interferes with the blood flow and poses an added danger if they were to break off and travel through the body causeing assorted health problems such as heart attack, stroke, or gangrene.