Burn Rate Study on Alliant (Green Dot) Smokeless Shotgun Powder and Kclo4

1. Which reactants used in this experiment are flammable? Discuss the safety precautions that are necessary when working with flammable materials in the lab?

The first experiment is about the combustion of magnesium after which the ash is formed.

This device was able to extinguish small, controlled fires created with an alcohol accelerant, proving that the concept is viable

    In this lab, a calorimeter was used to find the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions, the first was between magnesium and 1 molar hydrochloric acid, and the second was between magnesium oxide and 1 molar hydrochloric acid. After the enthalpy for both of these were found, Hess’ law was used to find the molar enthalpy of combustion of magnesium, using the enthalpies for the two previous reactions and the enthalpy of formation for water. The enthalpy of reaction for the magnesium + hydrochloric acid reaction was found to be -812.76 kJ. The enthalpy of reaction for the magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid reaction was found to be -111.06 kJ. These two enthalpies and the enthalpy of formation for water were manipulated and added together using Hess’s law to get the molar enthalpy of combustion of magnesium. It was found that the molar enthalpy of combustion of magnesium was -987.5 kJ/mol. The accepted enthalpy was -601.6 kJ/mol, which means that there is a percent difference of 64%. This percent difference is very high which indicates that this type of experiment is very inefficient for finding the molar enthalpy of combustion of magnesium. Most likely, a there are many errors in this simple calorimeter experiment that make it inefficient for finding the molar enthalpy of combustion of magnesium.

The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction of fire, so these extinguishers are extremely effective at putting out fire.

*Peanut oil has a higher smoke point and has less of a chance of burning during the experiment.

| After ignition of magnesium light and toxic fumes are made, and white powder (2MgO or Magnesium Oxide) is left over.

Because it is dangerous to burn magnesium, it is not possible to directly record heat change. Our lab team suggests an indirect way of determining the heat of combustion for magnesium. To accomplish this, we need to perform two separate trials. One uses a solid (powder) version of MgO, while the other uses Mg ribbon. With the results from these, we can use Hess’ Law to determine q=∆H. This provides both a safe and successful way of indirectly determining the heat of combustion for magnesium.

The atom of an element has electrons that are found around the nucleus in regions known as orbitals. When energy is absorbed by the electrons of an atom they begin to jump to higher energy levels. When this happens the electrons are in an excited state. However when the electrons begin to release the energy and drop in energy levels they emit electromagnetic radiation. If the radiation that is emitted falls between 400 to 700 nanometers then the electrons emit photons which we can see as visible light.

On August 28, 2008, at about 10:35 p.m., a runaway chemical reaction occurred inside a 4,500 gallon pressure vessel known as a residue treater, causing the vessel to explode violently in the methomyl unit at the Bayer CropScience facility in Institute, West Virginia. Highly flammable solvent sprayed from the vessel and immediately ignited, causing an intense fire that burned for more than 4 hours. The fire was contained inside the Methomyl-Larvin insecticide unit by the Bayer CropScience fire brigade with mutual aid assistance from local volunteer and municipal fire departments.

Ethyl acetate is highly flammable so all nearby fire hazards should be avoided during the experiment. No naked flame should be near the source of acetate during experimentation and all gas taps must be shut off.

Our glass fronted gas fires in Bamber Bridge are of high quality and will increase the appeal of your house. We know that quality stoves, more specifically, glass fronted gas fires, can add a touch of luxury to your home. However, they are not just an accessory to decorate a room. Other than their visual appeal, their benefits include safety, functionality and energy efficiency. As modern safety glass is made to withstand the heat generated by gas fires, it assists by helping to conduct the radiant heat they produce. The glass also frames the realistic fire beds and interiors of modern gas fires. The use of glass is not only for aesthetic reasons. The use of the glass means that the fire is completely room-sealed, so that the air flow is restricted to the flue and the fire chamber. Glass fronted gas fires also have energy efficiency ratings of between 70 – 85%.

The theoretical value of the combustion of solid naphthalene was calculated by substituting their given values in the literature into equation (5) in place of their corresponding terms.

Fireworks release an immense amount of chemicals, and have a great amount reactions happen. The reducing agents, sulfur and carbon, combine with the oxygen from the oxidizers to produce the energy of the explosion. Nitrates are usually not used in star explosions, because reactions of nitrates do not produce a temperature high enough to energize many of the more colorful metal salts.In the 1830’s Italian fireworks makers found a group of more explosive oxidizers, which produced temperatures of 1700 to 2000 celcius and made possible the creation of much more intense colors. Unlike nitrate-containing compounds that produce a relatively slow burning rate, the oxidation by chlorates produces a much faster detonation an explosion. The oxygen released

Firecrackers or other products with flash powder or black powder are considered strong and dangerous.