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CRA Response Paper

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What is the CRA instructional approach? According to Maccini and Gagnon (2009), CRA is an intervention for mathematics instruction that research suggests can improve the performance of mathematics for students with learning disabilities. CRA has a three-part instructional strategy that has been found to be highly effective in teaching math concepts. The first step is called the concrete stage. In this stage, the teacher begins instruction by modeling each math concept or skill with concrete materials (e.g. blocks, chips, unifix cubes, sticks) (Maccini & Gagnon, 2009). The students are provided opportunities to practice and show mastery using concrete materials. The next step is called the representational stage. The representational stage …show more content…

In 2014, a study took place in a special education resource class at a rural elementary school (Flores, Hinton, & Schweck, 2014). Four elementary students were used in this study using the CRA sequence. Flores et al., 2014 used a multiple-probe design to show a functional relation. The assessment materials included twenty-five problems requiring multiplication with regrouping of two digit numbers. In the concrete procedure, the teacher modeled two problems using place value maps with base-ten blocks. The teacher also used guided practices and independent practice with the two problems, while working with the students to solve problems in a back and forth process (Flores et al., 2014). In the representational procedure, involved drawings using tallies, squares, and cubes. Ones were small tallies, tens were long tallies, and hundred were squares, and thousands were cubes. Teachers used modeling, guided practice, and independent practice to check for understanding. The abstract lesson procedures involved solving regrouping problems using the RENAME strategy: (1) Read the problem; (2) Examine the ones; (3) Note the ones (4) Address the tens, (5) Mark the tens; (6) Examine the hundreds and not the hundreds. The abstract stage involved only using numbers and the RENAME strategy. The teacher modeled two problems, guided three problems, and the …show more content…

M., Hinton, M. V., Schweck, B. K., (2014). Teaching Multiplication with Regrouping to Students with Learning Disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice. 29, 171-183. http://dx.doi.org.ezp.lndlibrary.org/10.1111/ldrp.12043
Maccini, P. & Gagnon, J. A. (2009, August 8). Concrete-Representational-Abstract Instructional Approach. The Access Center Improving Outcomes for All Students K-8. Retrieved from

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