“Cardinal Virtues”, depicting Law and Justice, depicted the human form of the Cardinal Virtues.

walls, there are paintings of the Life of the Virgin. On the bottom of the walls there are images of the seven ecumenical councils. The song “The Last Judgement” is painted on the west wall. Numerous figures of martyrs are painted on the pillars, and there are also many icons. There used to be an icon of “Our Lady of Vladimir,” but later on the icon was moved to St. Basil’s Cathedral so it wouldn’t be stolen because it was so expensive. There are icons of the Virgin Hodegetria, Saint George, Trinity. There is a large iconostasis, which is a screen bearing icon that separates the sanctuary from the nave, that occupies the whole wide wall of the cathedral.

Two main differences immediately apparent between Raphael’s School of Athens and Leonardo’s Adoration of the Magi are the compositions of the large figure groups within each painting and the state of completion. In the forty foot wide fresco of School of Athens, the figures are organized in a mathematically constructed arrangement. The heads of the figure group in the background create a central horizontal line across the fresco. The two smaller figure groups in the foreground on the left and right are arranged with slightly less linear organization however when compared to the figure group of Leonardo’s Adoration of the Magi

The halo looks to have been carved into the wood and then painted with a little bit of sun gold to heighten its appearance. The lesser portion of the painting has a dark brown color which might have being painted or made from a different type of wood. The base on which the painting stands is painted in dark brown and looks very firm. On the left and right of the arch there are blue colors meant to depict the skies filled with yellow stars. This depiction of the skies is said to be where God the Father resides. In the painting, there are three life like images that are clearly visible. The first one as illustrated in order of importance is God the Father who sits on his thrown that of a chair made from gold. His hair is long down to his shoulders; and he his fully garbed in a mixture of red, white and black being the dominant color. His garments are lined with gold colors and matches his long beard. God the Father hands are partially extended in front of him holding up a wooden cross which displays God the Son.

In Artwork 1, Mary is placed in the centre of the image between Christ who is on the left and God who is on the right. The Holy Spirit is between the two which forms the Holy Trinity. The composition can be viewed as forming an inverted triangle or heart shape. Mary is the focal figure with an attitude of modesty, reverence and tranquil emotion with her right hand placed upon her heart in which reinforces this. God is expressed as a picture of wisdom as He is crowning the head of Mary with a garland of roses, along side Jesus. The Holy Spirit is present in the image above Mary and is portrayed in the traditional form of a white dove. Cherubs, angelic beings, are visible at the base of the painting which can be interpreted as guards. The use of blue in their garments symbolising heavenly grace in

This painting was created by the artist Parmigianino in 1534–1535 during the Renaissance & Mannerism time period in Florence, Italy. The painting is oil on wood. The painting portrays the Virgin Mary placed on a high pedestal in extravagant robes, holding a very large baby Jesus on her lap. Next to her are a few angels showing interest in the baby Jesus. In the lower right-hand corner of the painting shows the emaciated figure of St. Jerome. A representation of St. Jerome was required by the administrator because of the saint's relation with the adoration of the Virgin Mary. The Madonna with the Long Neck is a portrayal of the Virgin Mary who seems to be very disproportioned.

Because Duccio's work is a triptych, beautifully articulated figures have been added to the wings of the piece and above Christ himself. On the left wing, illustrated as a bishop, is Saint Nicholas, a religious figure known for secret gift-giving and working miracles. On the right is Saint Gregory (also Pope Gregory I), a monastic pope known as the "Doctor of the Church." Above the crucifixion scene is a representation of the risen Christ, flanked by two angels. This could serve as a reminder that eternal life exists after

On the lower north wall to the left and below the apse mosaic, Justinian, Bishop Maximianus, and others are shown in a mosaic rich in color. There are three groupings in this mosaic, the emperor and his staff, the clergy, and the imperial guard. Justinian is in the center garbed in his purple robe and depicted with a halo representing the god-given powers of the emperor. To his left are Bishop Maximianus and two clergymen. The bishop was given a level of importance by the inscription of his name above his head. The emperor appears slightly behind the bishop when looking at their feet but his shoulder is depicted in front of the bishop’s. To Justinian’s right is the imperial guard holding a shield with the monogram of Christ. The artist depicts importance by showing the feet of the leader of each group overlapping the others while depicting the powers of the church and the emperor on an equal level (Kleiner and Mamiya 332-336).

at the top and looking left to right it is displaying Isaac being sacrificed; St. Peter arrested; The roman God Caelus is enthroned

The most notable feature of the far left, Italian Renaissance image is its emphasis on classicism in its design. The dome-shaped building in the background of the painting recalls that of the Pantheon of ancient Rome. The anatomy of the figures is extremely realistic and proportional, suggesting classical Greek and Roman sculpture. There is a symmetry and perfection in how the figures are arranged, as the man and the women are apparently exchanging rings in celebration of marriage under the auspices of a priest. The figures have a three-dimensional quality which contributes to the idealized, yet realistic texture of the work.

Raphael’s “School of Athens” fresco is one of the four frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura , in the Vatican. The walls are covered with four different scenes, each depicting a different theme. The School of Athens represents Philosophy. The techniques and figures used in the fresco not only pay homage to Raphael’s influences, but are also a presentation of the skills acquired from each. Almost as though he was submitting it for approval. As Raphael traveled throughout Italy, he formed relationships with, and learned a great deal from the masters of the age. In the School of Athens, Raphael depicts his teachers and influences in disguise and presents the skills learned from each. It is because of these influences and the creativity of

The two main characters in the painting display elegant mannered poses and all the figures appear arranged in rather unnatural poses. There is a small scene at the foot of the Saint Catherine and Christ figures. This is thought to be the Christ child with the Virgin Mary and grandmother, Saint Anne. Below these two scenes are three smaller bordered scenes. The central one depicts two enemies reconciled by an archangel and the outer ones show Saints Michael and Margaret fighting demons. All these images show the triumph of good over evil, with the middle characters shedding their weapons and embracing. All these small pictures support that the painting was commissioned by Arigoi di Nero Arighetti to celebrate the end of a feud.

The Trinity, by Masaccio (1428) renders the crucifixion in a fresco in the Church of Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy. The context of this early Italian Renaissance work demonstrates the innovations that embodied the contemporary concerns and influences of the early fifteenth century and would become an influential reference for generations to come. Masaccio’s amalgamation of religion and science influenced the artistic foundation of the early Italian Renaissance. In the early fifteenth century the papacy was the governing force and was very common to have religious subject matter commissioned.

The art piece demonstrates what is going on in society at this time period by portraying what the Catholic Church should be focussing on spiritually during the Renaissance as in redemption towards reaching heaven rather than fighting over authority of the papacy. During the Renaissance, popes abandoned their duties and became involved in other occupations opposing the correct conduct and behavior of a pope. With the papacy being corrupted with nepotism and becoming involved in violence and breaking the oath of living out the virtues and a pure life, the church was derived from its mission of informing humanity of their chance of redemption. This art piece foreshadows the consequence,taught by the church, of all the sins ever committed, which

The composition is built on the simple geometry of a pyramid, common among Renaissance artworks. The viewer’s attention is drawn immediately to Christ not only because He is located in the center, but the empty spaces surrounding him also serve as an emphasis. In addition, it gives off a sense of loneliness and isolation, knowing He is about to be betrayed. The twelve apostles are separated into four groups of three, with Christ as the central axis. Leonardo Da Vinci maintained the balance and symmetry within the space of the pyramid, dividing the four groups of apostles equally on both sides. The linear placement of the groups of apostles provides a balance and prevents overemphasis and attention on the center.

Leonardo’s scientific studies resulted in the paintings of rocks, plants, light and atmosphere. We can see hills, fields and the sky in the tree windows behind Christ. This is in a classical style, shown by the coffered ceiling which was introduced by ancient Greek and Romans and re-introduced again by Alberti. The orthogonals run from the coffered ceiling, the table and windows and from the disciples and their gestures which all then centres on Christ. The use of foreshortening in this painting is to emphasize the drama of the scene and to keep the figures in harmonious groups. As we can see on the third figure on the right, St Philip tries to deny that he would be the betrayer and to show this, his arm is foreshortened. While St Matthew, the fourth figure on the right, has his arms outflung which was made by foreshortening. This gesture was to help portray his horror, as well as his mouth opened talking to the 3 men to the left of him. There are other gestures that helped depict the idea of betrayal, as we can see on the left side of the painting where St Peter whispers to St. John’s ear while pushing Judas forward. All these gestures lead the viewers’ attention to the centre, where Christ is positioned. Behind Jesus, we can see the window where the natural light comes in which frames Christ’s head, like a halo. Christ’s position in the centre allowed him to be in front of the three windows, which symbolizes the Trinity. As well as that, we can see that he