Cardiovascular Disease Among Aboriginal Men And Women Of Australia

Australia's Heath status in comparison to other countries has consistently ranked in the top 10 OECD for life expectancy at birth. This makes Australia one of the wealthiest counties in the world. Although there is a widespread problem in Australia regarding chronic diseases, which is the leading causes of death and illnesses in the country. Chronic disease include heart disease, lung cancer, Type 2 diabetes, asthma and other cancers. Behavioural determinants such as dietary, physical activity, alcohol consumption and tobacco use and their effects.

As health professionals, we must look beyond individual attributes of Indigenous Australians to gain a greater understanding and a possible explanation of why there are such high rates of ill health issues such as alcoholism, depression, abuse, shorter life expectancy and higher prevalence of diseases including diabetes, heart disease and obesity in our indigenous population. Looking at just the individual aspects and the biomedical health model, we don’t get the context of Aboriginal health. This is why we need to explore in further detail what events could have created such inequities in Aboriginal health. Other details that we should consider are the historical and cultural factors such as, ‘terra nullius’, dispossession and social

Although the health of some Aboriginal peoples is gradually improving, it is generally still poorer than the health of non-Aboriginal peoples living in Ontario. The Aboriginal Peoples Survey indicates that the most commonly reported chronic health conditions for Aboriginal peoples in Ontario over 15 years of age and living off reserve are: arthritis or rheumatism, high blood pressure, asthma, stomach problems, diabetes, and heart problems. (Noelle Spotton. 2001, page. 20)

As health professionals, we must look beyond individual attributes of Indigenous Australians to gain a greater understanding and a possible explanation of why there are such high rates of ill health issues such as alcoholism, depression, abuse, shorter life expectancy and higher prevalence of diseases including diabetes, heart disease and obesity in our indigenous population. Looking at just the individual aspects and the biomedical health model, we don’t get the context of Aboriginal health. This is why we need to explore in further detail what events could have created such inequities in Aboriginal health. Other details that we should consider are the historical and cultural factors such as, ‘terra nullius’, dispossession and social

Much of the burden caused by cardiovascular is preventable. Major modifiable risk factors include tobacco smoking, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, insufficient physical activity, overweight and obesity, diabetes,

Diabetes has become a serious issue in indigenous Australians in Australia. According to the Australian human rights commission (2001), indigenous people were three times more than non- indigenous Australians. Compared with all the population in the world, aboriginal Australians have the fourth highest rate of type 2 diabetes. Around 10% to 30% of them are diagnosed with diabetes and many of them will have the disease in early age (Better Health Channel, 2011). Based on the truths stated above, it shows that diabetes is serious health problems around indigenous Australians that need to be solved eagerly. This report will discuss four parts regarding diabetes among indigenous Australians included impact on the individual, family, population, together with, the implications for the role of nurse dealing with.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Australia, affects 22% of the Australian population. Targeting this health

There are various politico-economic elements and policies; environmental and employment conditions; social and cultural influences and lifestyle of indigenous Australians which affect their health. Above all, there is poverty which contributes towards their poor health circumstances (Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet, 2014). The Indigenous Australians are powerless and generally face various kinds of deprivation that includes exclusion, material deprivation and unavailability of opportunities for study and employment. They are not capable enough to take part in society: socially, politically and culturally (Public Health Association of Australia, 2001). It is a general concept that when a person does not feel secure, is unemployed, not connected to his/her friends

Specific data was provided for different aspects of the study. For example, it was said that the study took place in Maori where the cardiovascular issue represents 31.7 % of the population which is higher than all of New Zealand (14.6 %) in total. The specific location of the study was also noted, describing the demographics of the location: “rural settings, a small city, and small towns.” The article also addressed the general benefit of implementing the AMCVR, and its ability to aid in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Indigenous populations in Australia are considered to have poor health conditions when compared to non-Indigenous population. Their burden of chronic disease is 2.3 times than the non-Indigenous peoples. Consequently, the life expectancy of Indigenous peoples is ten years lesser than the non-Indigenous Australians. Poor health condition of Indigenous people has been significantly influenced by social inequalities such as colonisation and subsequent policies, poor education, low income, lack of employment, inadequate housing and lack of access to health services (Delbridge et al., 2018). In this task it will be discussed about how primary health care services (PHC) provide education, support, and health promotion in order to improve

Indigenous people of the Australia, New Zealand, USA, and Canada suffer the high mortality compare to the overall population. Amongst them Australian aboriginals suffer highest disparity in life expectancy. Australia’s 5,17,200 Aboriginals make up 2.5% of population and they are the most disadvantaged group. Drug abuse, alcoholism, and infant mortality rates are high in the aboriginals compare to the other people. They also suffer from diseases associated with the poor living condition. Diabetes and Heart diseases are thrice and twice more common respectively in aboriginals between age of 35 to 45 compare to other population. Eliminate trachoma by 2020 was launched by the World health organization (WHO) in 1998. Blinding trachoma occurs still in 54 countries and Australia is the only developed country in that list. Large disparity exists in aboriginals for diabetes mortality. When Indigenous mortality rates were compared with non-indigenous mortality rates in Australia, Aboriginal

Over the last decade there has been improvements, however in 2012 cardiovascular disease was recognised as the leading cause of death of indigenous individuals and still requires further improvement (Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet 2015). Based on national surveys, there are a number of contributing factors including, smoking, reduced physical activity, poor diet, alcohol consumption, mental health and obesity (Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet 2012). These modifiable risk factors are preventable and need to be further managed through ongoing management, education and health care

Queensland is home to just over 30 per cent of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, equalling to a total 4 per cent of the state’s population1. Over the last decade, cardiovascular disease among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities has slightly decreased2, although documented cardiovascular diseases still remain five times higher than those of non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent1,3. Cardiovascular diseases are more than often encouraged by a large variety of pre-existing illnesses1 such as obesity, renal diseases, diabetes and hypertension4, which are common among indigenous communities4. Early detection is key, as the majority of health problems indigenous communities are undergoing are treatable1,

Current health status of Indigenous Australians depend on many different factors “income education, incarceration, employment, housing, access to services, connection with land and social networks” (Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, 2015) all considered determinants of health in today 's Indigenous populations.

Beginning with the final section of the Williams (1997) ‘basic causes’ model, being the health status resulting from the prior sections in this model, cardiovascular disease in Maori will be addressed and the disparities when compared to the dominant group in society. The cardiovascular disease burden falls disproportionately and inequitably on the Maori population (Curtis, Harwood, & Riddell, 2007). Cardiovascular disease accounts for a third of the deaths in Maori people, with it being their most prevalent cause of mortality. Between 2000 and 2004, the death rates for Maori with cardiovascular disease were 2.3 times higher than the rate for non-Maori (Robson & Purdie, 2007). Cardiovascular disease, of all chronic conditions, is the main cause of the disparities in life expectancy increasing between Maori and