Cardiovascular System : The Heart Rate

7. Did the minute ventilation increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? of course the minute ventilation increase tremendously after exercising.

The presence of fluid in the alveolar space could potentially cause the lung capacity to be effected as well.

D1 outline the relationships between the cardiovascular, respiratory and energy systems before, during and after a sporting activity

1.) When you forcefully exhale your entire expiratory reserve volume, any air remaining in your lungs is called the residual volume (RV). Why is it impossible to further exhale the RV (that is, where is this air volume trapped, and why is it trapped?)

Oxygen Saturation that falls as low as 91% on room air at rest and after exertion

Exercise 7: Respiratory System Mechanics: Activity 2: Comparative Spirometry Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly. 1. A normal resting tidal volume is expected to be around You correctly answered: d. 500 ml. 2. Which respiratory process is impaired the most by emphysema? You correctly answered: c. expiration 3. During an asthma attack You correctly answered: b. inspiration and expiration are impaired. 4. During moderate aerobic exercise, which respiratory variable increases the most? You correctly answered: a. tidal volume 5. Inhaler medications for an asthma patient are designed to You correctly answered: b. dilate the patient's bronchioles.

The same method was utilized to find expiratory reserve volume. Except, the I-beam cursor was dragged in-between the trough of a normal and maximum exhalation. As for tidal volume, it was discovered using the absolute value between the peak and the trough of a normal wave. The last data to be found using the BIOPAC was the subject’s vital capacity. Here, the I-beam cursor was dragged from the peak of the maximum inhalation to the trough of maximum exhalation.

Air then continues to flow through the system that includes the mouth, trachea, lungs, muscular diaphragm, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. Mammals breathe through negative pressure, which is pulling air into the lungs when the thoracic cavity expands causing the diaphragm to contract. Tidal volume is the amount of air that is inhaled and let out with each breath. When this volume is taken during a maximal inhalation and exhalation is the vital capacity (Reece et al., 2011).

The respiratory monitor measured baseline respiration for a minute. Respiratory rate was also measured by the respiratory monitor throughout the entire experiment. After initial respiratory rate had been measured for about 30 seconds, researchers established a baseline heart rate range using the pulse oximeter. This was done by recording maximum and minimum heart rates within a period of 30 seconds. Since the site of the experiment had abundant background noise, silence could not be used as the control variable. Therefore, white noise was used as the control instead. The subjects listened to “Original White Noise” by White! Noise using Sony MDR7506 Dynamic Stereo Headphones. The subject was instructed to pedal at a rate between 8 and 10 mph and was supervised by an experimenter to ensure that the participant stayed within the proper pedaling speed range. As the participant pedaled, the researchers changed the resistance on the stationary bike between resistance levels 8 and 11 to make sure that the participant’s heart rate was within the preferred range. Subjects were monitored to ensure they had the heart rate ranges of 55-65% of his or her age-predicted heart range. The subject pedaled for two minutes,

There are different factors that affect lung volumes such as taller people and people who live in higher altitudes often have larger volumes compared to shorter people or people who live at lower altitudes. Other variables such as age, gender and weight also have an effect on the lung function. As a person gets older not only does the natural elasticity of the lungs

Spirometry is the most popular lung function test. The patient performs a maximal inhalation and then forcefully exhales as quickly and as long as they are able. The spirometer measures the volume of the air exhaled by patients. These measurements are taken at two intervals. The first measurement is the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), records the volume of air exhaled after one second. The second measurement is taken at the point where the patient has fully exhaled the volume of inhaled air; this measurement is the forced vital capacity (FVC) (Harpreet Ranu et al.,

During this lab, various lung volumes and capacities for one subject were calculated for different conditions. These conditions included at rest and during 3 bouts of exercise varying in resistance on a cycle ergometer. Two subjects were supposed to participate in this specific lab, but there were technical difficulties with the computer set up, which only allowed for one individual to complete the entire procedure. The experiment began by having the subject sit down and breathe normally for 3 minutes into the transducer. Then, the participant performed 5 complete breathing cycles and at the end of the last cycle the individual was directed to inhale as deeply as possible followed by an exaggerated exhale. From there, the volumes were measured, including tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiration reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV). Next, the 3 exercise bouts at 60 repetitions per minute (RPM) occurred. The first exercise bout was at 0 kg followed by another at 2% and one at 5% the subject’s body weight, respectively. Similar to the resting condition, the different volumes were calculated for the 3 exercise bouts. After gathering all of the different values for the volumes, the capacities were calculated by using various equations.

This volume is the maximum amount of air that a person can expel from the lungs after first filling lungs to maximum and then expel air to maximum extent approx. 4600 ml.

Lung capacity is the volume of the most air you can exhale after fully breathing in. Based on that I will experiment with two kind of subjects in order to measure their lung capacity and get conclusions about the

Aerobic capacity is also related to an individual’s lung capacity and amount of oxygen the muscles can use (Abernethy, 2013).