Case: AMERICAN CHEMICAL CORPORATION
1. Executive Summary
Dixon, an American specialty chemical producer, wants to buy Collinsville plant from American Chemical Corporation, another typical chemical company in 1979. Dixon wants to diversify its product line buy acquiring the aforesaid plant, which produces sodium-chlorate to supply to paper producers in Southeastern part of the US. This plant initially cost 12 mln. USD and additional 2,25 mln. USD needed to buy laminate technology to increase efficiency and profitability of the plant in order.
Dixon has conducted thorough marketing research for the industry providing cash flow analysis on purchase of the plant. The cash flow analysis based with and without laminate technology cases, where
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Now, Dixon needs to re-lever this beta by using its own target capital structure (35%, p.4). The formula for re-levered beta is: βlevered equity = βasset * [1+ (1-t)*D/E] = 1.09*[1+(1-0.48) *0.35/0.65] = 1.40.
b. Weighted average cost of capital (WACC):
Cost of equity: in the case, the yield on Tbonds is 9.5% (p.4). We assume that it is the risk free rate. We use the historical equity risk premium 8.4% stated on the Table 9.2, page 247 of the textbook. According to the CAPM method, the cost of equity for this project is 9.5%+1.38*8.4% = 21.26%.
Cost of debt: because there is little information about Dixon’s debt provided on the case, we assume that all debt Dixon intends to borrow is used in the acquisition of Collinsville plant at 11.25%. We also assume that debt is issued at par. The after-tax cost of debt is (1-0.48)*11.25% = 5.85%.
WACC: we use Dixon’s 35% target level of debt-to-asset ratio in acquiring the plant to calculate cost of capital. WACC = D/V*After-tax cost of debt + E/V*Cost of equity = 0.35*5.85%+0.65*21.26% = 15.87% @ 16%. Therefore, the WACC for Collinsville’s plant cash flow is nearly 16%. We use this cost of capital to calculate NPV of the project.
3. Calculating NPV
To calculate the NPV for the project we have observed two cases during the investment: purchasing the plant without laminate technology and with laminate
For the purpose of calculating the net present value of the project, an appropriate cost of capital has to be calculated at which free cash flows of the project should be discounted. Since the project will be solely financed by selling new shares, cost of equity will be used as the discount rate. Beta for the company can be assumed to be equal to average of the betas of the competitors of the company. This average beta value comes out to be 1.2. Risk free rate is 0.17% while risk premium has been estimated to be 6%. Thus by putting these values in CAPM formula, we can find the cost of equity for the company which is 7.39%.
Tucker Hansson, the owner of Hansson Private Label, is struggling in whether to execute the $50 million investment proposed by his manufacturing team. Under this situation, the subject of this report is to evaluate the potential investment of expanding production capacity at Hansson Private Label (HBL) and make a recommendation to Tucker Hansson. In this report, I will specifically focus on analyses of the project’s free cash flows (FCFs), weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and net present value (NPV). With a sensitivity analysis, it can help us to observe how change in some key project variables
To relever the βe, we use the formula, βe = βu +(D/E)*(βu-βd). And the “Target D/E” was found by taking “Target D/V” divided by “1-Target D/V”. So we get the new βe, 1.3576. Then to get cost of equity, we use the CAPM formula, Re=Rf+β(EMRP), 11.7679%. Since we have get the cost of equity and cost of debt, we can determined the WACC, which is equal to Equity/Value*Cost of Equity+Debt/Value*Cost of Debt*(1-tax rate). In the end ,we arrived at 8.48%.
We are interested in obtaining the asset beta for Collinsville investment. Here from the reading material, we find there were altogether 6 chemical companies that produce sodium chlorates. They are Hooker, Pennwalt, American, Kerr-McGee, Brunswick and Southern. However, since we are evaluating the addition of a sodium chlorate plant, the two firms (Brunswick and Southern) who specialize in producing sodium chlorate are likely the best “twins”. To determine the asset betas of each company, we
The cost of equity is the theoretical return that equity investors expect or receive from the company for investing their funds in the company. The risk free rate that is the Government Treasury bill rate is 3.1%, the market risk premium is 7% and the beta has been calculated as
In December 2006, Bob Prescott, the controller for the Blue Ridge Mill, was considering the addition of a new on-site longwood woodyard. Two primary benefits for this new addition include eliminating the need to purchase shortwood from an outside supplier and creating an opportunity to sell shortwood on the open market. Also, the new woodward would reduce operating costs and increase revenues. Blue Ridge Mill currently purchased
We use Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) approach to calculate the cost of equity. The formula of CAPM is re = rf + β × (E[RMkt] – rf).
9. What is the Cost of Debt, before and after taxes? Using the interest rate for the largest debt…cannot use the weighted interest rate for the debt since it includes capital lease obligations with no stated rate and could not find in the notes to the financials. 5.4% After tax cost is .054 x (1-.36) = 3.5%
Agro-Chem, Inc. is a regional producer of agricultural chemicals based in Houston Texas that needs help making a lease versus purchase decision. By understanding the material presented, we will be able to come to a decision. However, after reviewing the information presented, there are a few problems that need to be investigated before finalizing our recommendation. Agro-Chem, Inc. chose to go with the financial manager’s idea of using a discount rate of 14% (average risk) to figure out the present value costs of leasing and purchasing even though the assistant treasure suggested a 12% (low risk) discount rate. Agro-Chem, Inc. brought in the company’s CPA to help settle the debate
A correct response requires that you find an appropriate industry beta and measure for levered/unlevered betas and requires that you define cost of equity capital and free cash flow (FCF) – you may need a formula for FCF.
- The Bet-r-Bilt Company has a 5-year bond outstanding with a 4.30 percent coupon. Interest payments are paid semi-annually. The face amount of the bond is $1,000. This bond is currently selling for 93 percent of its face value. What is the company's pre-tax cost of debt?
Our approach to valuing the processing plant can easily be decomposed into three distinct steps first, find the value of the foreseeable free cash flows. Next, calculate the terminal value of the project. Finally, take the present value of those flows. The next few paragraphs walk through each of these steps in order of progression.
For future cash flows, evaluation is done with WACC rate which consists from cost of equity and cost of debt in a weighted average. In this case, using cost of equity is not appropriate since we doesn’t know cost of debt and weights of equity and debt, it doesn’t reflect the actual rate for WACC.
Instead, we can compute the βu[C] with the relationship of each division and the corporation.
• Will Need a New Tank Car to anticipated growth of the firm in other