Case Study
Chase J Budurka
Liberty University, BUSI301
Professor: Chad Shimel
Summary of the Case
Casey Martin, a professional golfer with an degenerative disease, Klippel-Trenauanay-Weber Syndrome, sued the PGA Tour over the right to use a golf cart in competitions to accommodate his impairment and allow him to compete. The Court of Appeals determined that permitting Martin to use a golf cart in PGA competition would not fundamentally alter the nature of his game during those tournaments, beyond the existing fatigue caused by his degenerative disease. (Rose)
Case Basics:
Docket No.: 00-24
Petitioner: PGA Tour
Respondent: Martin
Decided By: Rehnquist Court (1994-2005)
Opinion: 532 U.S. 661 (2001)
Argued: Wednesday, January 17, 2001
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While I was too young to recount this lawsuit, I have thoroughly enjoyed researching it and learning more about what it involved. It has certainly been eye-opening to me and got me thinking more about the way we still are affected by discrimination in todays day and age.
PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin came to light when a professional golfer, Casey Martin, with a degenerative disease wanted to use a golf cart during a PGA Tour competition. Without any question of a doubt, the PGA Tour denied Martin’s request. In short, The Supreme Court ruled that under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), Martin could use a golf cart during competition as it would not affect him more that the degenerative disease already has. This would not provide an unfair advantage to Martin.
As detailed in the summary, Casey Martin suffers from Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome, a rare congenital (present at birth) disorder, it is the most common condition involving combined vascular malformations. (Cincinnati Childrens, http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/k/kts/)
Due to this disease, it makes it difficult to walk without pain, fatigue and anxiety. In addition to that, walking can also cause a greater risk of blood clots, hemorrhaging or worst case scenario fracturing a bone. I feel very confident that this case represented a clear disability as defined in ADA. and was the reason his disease wasn 't
The Americans with Disabilities Act has come a long way with helping to protect and obtaining justice for the disable opening the door for jobs and creating more adequate access to public spaces to an estimated 43 million disabled people however, corrective disabilities are more of a challenge. People whose disabilities that can be remedied with eyeglasses, medications, etc. are not covered by the ADA (Post, 1999). Justice Sandra Day O’Conner supports this action and wrote three provisions that led to the conclusion that remediable conditions are not a disability (Post, 1999).
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is one of the most significant laws in American History. Before the ADA was passed, employers were able to deny employment to a disabled worker, simply because he or she was disabled. With no other reason other than the person's physical disability, they were turned away or released from a job. The ADA gives civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities similar to those provided to individuals on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, and religion. The act guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, State and local government services, and telecommunications. The ADA not only opened the door for
The Americans with Incapacities Act (ADA) got to be law in 1990. The ADA is a social equality law that forbids oppression people with handicaps in every aspect of open life, including employments, schools, transportation, and all open and private places that are interested in the overall population. The motivation behind the law is to ensure that individuals with handicaps have the same rights and open doors as other people. The ADA is separated into five titles (or segments) that identify with distinctive ranges of open life.(Eeoc.gov, 2015)
In July 1990, Americans rejoiced over enhanced and extended civil rights legislation granted to millions of Americans with disabilities. It was not long after the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 was codified that public entities and public transportation underwent expansive legislative restructuring in order to comply with the new standards. Via title ii of the ADA, municipalities became responsible for ensuring that public transportation be inclusive to all citizens including those with disabilities, providing the latter easy access parking spots and wheelchair ramps. Then, in June 2002 in the United States Court of Appeals, Barden v. Sacramento ruled that the ADA also applied to public sidewalks, requiring cities to make clear of debris and leave open all public walkways, citing those who failed to comply. The Barden v. Sacramento ruling enforced that anything from a trashcan to a vehicle blocking
This case is about a group of women who were discriminated against based on their gender. The lawsuit was put into the hands of the Equal Opportunity Employment Commission (EEOC) after a group of Latino women that worked for Rivera Vineyard, Inc. reported multiple complaints. Those involved included Rivera Vineyards Company employees that consist of Latino female workers, male workers, and male managers. Most of the Latino farm workers suffering victimization were females, there were also some males. These males were targeted because of their attempt to speak up on behalf of the harassed females.
This lawsuit unfortunately, gives HR and recruiting a bad name. After reading the article I have to admit that I was both appalled, alarmed; however, I wasn’t shocked, though. Unfortunately, discrimination is too common.
Although the ADA does not specifically list any disabilities, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s (EEOC) guidelines state that when an individual has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activity then the individual is in fact disabled. It goes on to state that impairments can include any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of several body systems, or any mental or psychological disorder (Dessler). Among the protected classes are persons with AIDS and substance abusers who are in treatment. Some 50 million current or potential workers are estimated to be covered by the law's provisions (Columbia Encyclopedia). However, the act does list some
There are three laws that are relevant to disability and sport. The first, The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, states that an individual with a disability cannot be excluded from participating in any program or activity that receives federal financial assistance, solely because of his or her disability. The second, Americans with Disabilities Act, is an extension of the Rehabilitation Act. This law expands the funding to state and local governments, as well as private organizations. The third, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, states that all children with disabilities are required a free, appropriate public education. A current case involving the Rehabilitation act is Whitaker v. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. In this case, Whitaker is suing, stating that the company did not accommodate her disability and fired her in violation of the Rehabilitation act. The court ruled that Whitaker failed to establish she was an “otherwise qualified” employee, which is required by the act. One case pertaining to the ADA is PGA Tour v. Casey Martin. In this case, Martin suffered from a circulatory disease that prevented him from walking on a golf course. After being denied the use of a golf cart for a PGA tournament, Martin filed suit, claiming that the ADA was violated. The court ruled in Martin’s favor, stating that his disability did not alter the nature of the game. The Rehabilitation act was the first civil rights law in the United States designed to protect
The plaintiffs are fighting to reassure the rights of students, teachers, and parents to advocate for immigration rights. “We filed the lawsuit to send a strong message that it's unacceptable and to expose and uncover the political and racial discrimination that's coming from the district administration” said
Great post! The Brown v. Board of Education is a great case. It made it possible for people of any color to attend the school of their choice. Many people who disliked the colored community were outraged by the decision that the judge made. They think it was unfair that the judge did not follow every constitutional law in the ruling. But, because of the judge ruling in favor for colored children to go to the school of their choice for bettering their education. This did not end segregation but it made a big difference in the community. Education is always being carefully examined and ridiculed for what is being taught and what is considered acceptable in schools. In the case, Emerson v. Board of Education they argued that reimbursing parents
Casey Martin is a professional golfer with a congenital, degenerative circulatory disorder. This makes walking painful for him and exposes him to more serious injuries. Martin filed a lawsuit against the PGA when his request for use a golfcart during a PGA sponsored tour was denied. The PGA ruled that there was an established “walking rule” that required all the golfers to walk. Martin claimed in his suit that the walking rule violated the Adults with Disability Act (ADA).
Martin. This case has especially caught the eye of the media because it’s a high profile sport. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Casey Martin. The case was about Casey Martin who has a circulatory disease in his right leg, which makes it difficult to walk. Casey felt that his right have been violated. The ADA bans discrimination against the disabled in public accommodations .The law requires " Reasonable modifications" unless such changes would fundamentally alter the place or event. The PGA said that it would dramatically effect the foundations of the game seeing as you walk between holes instead of riding like all of us lazy southerners do. The Professional Golf Association also said that it would give Casey Martin an unfair advantage over the other players in the game. The justices disagreed and upheld the lower court
snhu.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?) which protects such individuals from discrimination on the bases of their disabilities. As time when on Mr. Martin was not able to walk the entire 18-hole golf course without being fatigue and also could cause other problems such as hemorrhaging, blood clots, and could fracture his tibia
In late 1997, Duke began to experience discriminatory actions. After complaining to management, retaliation began. By 2001, Dukes joined 6 other women who received similar treatment in other Wal-Mart stores in California in a suit against the retailer. By 2004, the suit had morphed into a class action suit, including 1.6 million women who were currently or had ever worked for Wal-Mart (Wal-Mart Watch, 2006). At the time, it looked as though this case had the potential to create an important precedent regarding workplace discrimination, the fallout appears to have taken a very different turn, and possibly opened the door to making discriminatory practices harder to
“For purposes of nondiscrimination laws (e.g. the Americans with Disabilities Act, Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Section 188 of the Workforce Investment Act), a person with a disability is generally defined as someone who (1) has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more "major life activities," (2) has a record of such an impairment, or (3) is regarded as having such an