Case Study : A Golf With An Degenerative Disease

The Americans with Incapacities Act (ADA) got to be law in 1990. The ADA is a social equality law that forbids oppression people with handicaps in every aspect of open life, including employments, schools, transportation, and all open and private places that are interested in the overall population. The motivation behind the law is to ensure that individuals with handicaps have the same rights and open doors as other people. The ADA is separated into five titles (or segments) that identify with distinctive ranges of open life.(Eeoc.gov, 2015)

Although the ADA does not specifically list any disabilities, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s (EEOC) guidelines state that when an individual has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activity then the individual is in fact disabled. It goes on to state that impairments can include any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of several body systems, or any mental or psychological disorder (Dessler). Among the protected classes are persons with AIDS and substance abusers who are in treatment. Some 50 million current or potential workers are estimated to be covered by the law's provisions (Columbia Encyclopedia). However, the act does list some

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 would have been applicable to the Cronan case if it had been passed before 1985. The major provisions of the ADA prohibit discrimination against the disabled. Under the ADA disability is defined as “any

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is one of the most significant laws in American History. Before the ADA was passed, employers were able to deny employment to a disabled worker, simply because he or she was disabled. With no other reason other than the person's physical disability, they were turned away or released from a job. The ADA gives civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities similar to those provided to individuals on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, and religion. The act guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, State and local government services, and telecommunications. The ADA not only opened the door for

This case is about a group of women who were discriminated against based on their gender. The lawsuit was put into the hands of the Equal Opportunity Employment Commission (EEOC) after a group of Latino women that worked for Rivera Vineyard, Inc. reported multiple complaints. Those involved included Rivera Vineyards Company employees that consist of Latino female workers, male workers, and male managers. Most of the Latino farm workers suffering victimization were females, there were also some males. These males were targeted because of their attempt to speak up on behalf of the harassed females.

This lawsuit unfortunately, gives HR and recruiting a bad name. After reading the article I have to admit that I was both appalled, alarmed; however, I wasn’t shocked, though. Unfortunately, discrimination is too common.

In July 1990, Americans rejoiced over enhanced and extended civil rights legislation granted to millions of Americans with disabilities. It was not long after the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 was codified that public entities and public transportation underwent expansive legislative restructuring in order to comply with the new standards. Via title ii of the ADA, municipalities became responsible for ensuring that public transportation be inclusive to all citizens including those with disabilities, providing the latter easy access parking spots and wheelchair ramps. Then, in June 2002 in the United States Court of Appeals, Barden v. Sacramento ruled that the ADA also applied to public sidewalks, requiring cities to make clear of debris and leave open all public walkways, citing those who failed to comply. The Barden v. Sacramento ruling enforced that anything from a trashcan to a vehicle blocking

Here, Martin suffers from a degenerative circulatory disorder, was otherwise qualified to play golf in the tournament, but was excluded because his disability made him unable to walk the course. Allowing Martin to use a golf cart in these circumstances would be a reasonable accommodation. The court ordered PGA to permit Martin to use a cart. PGA appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which affirmed the order of the lower court. PGA appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which affirmed the lower court’s decision, ruling that a golf cart is a reasonable accommodation for a disabled athlete. PGA argued that making an exception to its “walking” rule would “fundamentally alter the sport of golf.” The Supreme Court disagreed, stating that the “use of a cart is not inconsistent with the fundamental charac­ter of the game of golf,” PGA’s tours, or the third stage of the Q-School. Golf is defined by “shot-making,” not by walking. The Court explained that the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is applied case by case. In other words, “the needs of a disabled person are evalu­ated on an individual basis.” Thus, in this case, “even if petitioner’s factual predicate is accepted, its legal posi­tion is fatally flawed because its refusal to consider Martin’s personal circum­stances in deciding whether to accommodate his disability runs counter to the ADA’s requirement that an individualized in­quiry be conducted.”

The Americans with Disabilities Act has come a long way with helping to protect and obtaining justice for the disable opening the door for jobs and creating more adequate access to public spaces to an estimated 43 million disabled people however, corrective disabilities are more of a challenge. People whose disabilities that can be remedied with eyeglasses, medications, etc. are not covered by the ADA (Post, 1999). Justice Sandra Day O’Conner supports this action and wrote three provisions that led to the conclusion that remediable conditions are not a disability (Post, 1999).

Casey Martin is a professional golfer with a congenital, degenerative circulatory disorder. This makes walking painful for him and exposes him to more serious injuries. Martin filed a lawsuit against the PGA when his request for use a golfcart during a PGA sponsored tour was denied. The PGA ruled that there was an established “walking rule” that required all the golfers to walk. Martin claimed in his suit that the walking rule violated the Adults with Disability Act (ADA).

Statement of Issues: Mr. Casey Martin, a professional golfer suffered from Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome; which is a degenerative circulatory disorder that obstructs the flow of blood from the individual 's right leg to the individual 's heart. Mr. Martin would be protected by the Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) (42 USCS 12101 et (eq.)(http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy

During this case, it was not just about the segregation of the adults, but the children to. The children took a part of the segregation. After all, the case was started because of the children’s education being separated. The children were affected because of the change especially when they were accustomed to being separated from each other where the whites were together as one and the African Americans were also together as one. When things changed and the whites and African American ended up together as one it was hard for them for a while. People of all races should be able to enjoy equality under the law in the united states. African American children wanted equal protection under the laws as promised by the fourteenth amendment. Today children of all color and race attend the same school. Whether it’s a boarding school or a public school. This particular case changed history for young students all around the world. This case contributed to a huge part of history and that’s because If Mr. Brown had never tried to enroll his 8 year old daughter Linda in Sumner Elementary, and the principal 's refusal, then little African American children would still be treated bad, and un-humane. Children would be going to different schools still, and world would still have a little segregation in it. Although then, Mr. Brown was not the first African American to try to enroll his child in an all-white school, but his case was not only the last, but the most

Many antagonists toward the sport think that playing golf involves no real rigorous physical activity. Burning 360 calories per hour playing golf without a cart or caddie is far less than the number of calories burned per hour in competitive sports: 900 in soccer, and 727 in football, basketball, and tennis. Nearly half of the maximum calories burned while playing golf are from walking the course and carrying the clubs, but the US Supreme Court ruled that walking is not an essential aspect of golf. In PGA Tour v. Martin (2001), the justices ruled 7-2 that the pro tour had to allow a golfer with a disability to use a golf cart because it would not "fundamentally alter the nature" of the activity. Using a cart while playing golf reduces the number

My grandfather never really had problems walking so when we heard the side effects of the disease we were questioning if he even had it at all, but we were wrong in our assumption. At first it was an experience that we could live with because of how slow it happened. Then my grandfather fell one day and was rushed to the hospital and to which we had found out that he now needed to use a cane to aid him in walking because of the decay of nerves. The cane wasn’t really that big of change for him and he was able to walk normally with it. Things were going fine for him and life was good, every once in awhile he would forget his cane but would be able to walk a little to be able to retrieve it when he did forget; except for one day where he fell again. This time we went to the hospital they said he now needed a walker which was a huge change in lifestyle for him. He had to adjust major parts of his life to be able to use it. Some of the doorways had to be extended to allow him to be able to even get through them, and whenever he wanted to get up he had to use it. He described it to me as “his own personal prison that you need to survive, and if you try to leave you just hurt

In late 1997, Duke began to experience discriminatory actions. After complaining to management, retaliation began. By 2001, Dukes joined 6 other women who received similar treatment in other Wal-Mart stores in California in a suit against the retailer. By 2004, the suit had morphed into a class action suit, including 1.6 million women who were currently or had ever worked for Wal-Mart (Wal-Mart Watch, 2006). At the time, it looked as though this case had the potential to create an important precedent regarding workplace discrimination, the fallout appears to have taken a very different turn, and possibly opened the door to making discriminatory practices harder to