The goal of this randomized clinical trial was to investigate whether CBT or MM is more effective in causing significant reduction of symptoms in GAD at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up time points. We hypothesized that MM and CBT would both reduce GAD symptoms; however, CBT would be more effective than MM. The results replicate earlier findings (Tovote, Fleer, Snippe, Bas, Links, Emmelkamp, Sanderman & Schroevers, 2013) by indicating that patients with GAD show decrease in worry-related symptoms with CBT, which supports the hypothesis. Findings displayed that both treatments led to significant improvements from pre-to post- treatment, as well as follow-up. We based the efficacy of the treatments, CBT and MM, by using the BAI …show more content…
Results from this randomized clinical trial of CBT and MM for GAD, CBT demonstrate that subjects in the study experienced a significant decrease in anxiety, worry, and further depressive symptoms, compared to the MM group. Subjects may have felt more motivated to carry-on and practice the skills learned from CBT treatment group in order to decrease negative symptoms of GAD. CBT as an acute intervention for adult anxiety disorders (Hofmann & Smits, 2008). This study has several limitations. The sample was predominantly White, and in each treatment group, subjects decided to not continue to participate in the study. The common reported reason was feeling overwhelmed, unmotivated, and the inability to keep up with the assignments. In this study, we conducted the ADIS-5. The interview involved the use of an audiotaped recording and a psychologist in order to establish a diagnosis. The results of the ADIS-IV could have been influenced by demand characteristics. The interviewer can provide some biases because their expectations regarding the diagnosis of subjects can create a demand. A better approach should have been to have each assessor administer separate interviews. GAD is a highly comorbid disorder; therefore this study’s main strength is that we investigated subjects with no comorbidities. We recruited a large sample size which helps identify whether the treatments are beneficial for those with GAD. Also, we
In another study by Habby, Connelly, Corry & Vos (2005) they looked at a range of disorders including: GED (generalized anxiety disorder), panic disorder and depression in order to investigate which factors other than diagnosis would influence the effectiveness of CBT. They used the technique of meta-analysis to determine an overall effect size and meta-regression to determine the factors that impact on this effect size. Including randomized controlled trials, pill placebo or
CBT also fails to recognise the impact of situations or experiences that are out of the control of the individual and places total responsibility on the individual. Further, research has shown that although CBT is superior in treating anxiety and depression it does so only by reducing/eliminating symptoms and does little to increase well-being, however with a renewed emphasis incorporating symptom reduction and increased quality of life this appears to be changing (Oei & McAlinden,
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychological method of treatment for GAD, which involves a therapist working with the patient to understand how thoughts and feelings influence behavior.[13] The goal of the therapy is to change negative thought patterns that lead to the patient's anxiety, replacing them with positive, more realistic ones. Elements of the therapy include exposure
Those with GAD experience lavish amounts of worry, usually anticipating the worst even when there is no reason to. Unlike phobias, the anxiety isn't connected directly to something, it just a worry that is always present. These worries that these individuals experience are what normal people experience, such as reaching to work safely, but taken to the extreme. The difference between normal worrying and GAD is that, is that the worrying involved in GAD is excessive and often unnecessary. For example, after watching a news report about a school shooting, the average person might feel a temporary sense of worry for their kids. If you have GAD, however, the individual might be up all night after it and continue worrying for days about a worst case scenario that could happen, maybe even keeping your kids from going to school. To deal with GAD, individuals are given suggestions such as to practice deep breathing, meditation. In terms of treatment, presciprdtions are often given to them. One of the drugs prescribed to patients is buspirone. This is an anti-anxiety drug and takes the edge off but does not completely eliminate the anxious feeling. Benzodiazepine is also a drug prescribed which calms the body (“Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive anxiety and worry that is not limited to one subject, situation or activity (Nevid, Rathus & Greene, 2017). People with GAD are known to worry about many things in their lives; their health, their finances, their well-being and that of their children. It is a worry that can be describe as excess and one that impairs one from functioning (Nevid, Rathus & Greene, 2017).
GAD’s potentially interwoven origin marks significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Patients often leave the opportunity for diagnosis of GAD to the primary caregiver (Roberge et al., 2015). Primary care professionals must be able to attribute physiological symptoms to psychological conditions in many of these cases to prevent missed or misdiagnosis, as well as correctly evaluate potential psychological disorders akin to GAD. The Roberge et al. (2015) research article indicates the need for increased efforts in preparing primary care professionals to properly screen and diagnose patients with GAD.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by persistent, excessive, and unrealistic worry about everyday things. People with the disorder often experience exaggerated fear and expect the worst, even when there is no apparent reason for concern. They anticipate disaster and are overly concerned about money, health, family, work, or other issues. This disorder affects 6.8 million adults, or 3.1% of the U.S. population, in any given year (Van der Heiden, 2011). GAD comes on gradually and can endure across the life cycle, though the risk is highest between childhood and middle age. Women are twice as likely to be affected.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a very common anxiety disorder; symptoms include nervousness, worrying and tension. The anxiety is not linked to one thing and patients can be overwhelmed by a general feeling of dread. A patient with GAD will worry about the same things as any unaffected person, for example, their health, personal relationships or work. What sets them apart is that the degree of worry or tension is higher than normal levels. The worrying can be both persistent and debilitating. Symptoms are moderate but long lasting persisting for longer than one month. Possible treatment methods for GAD include Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Psychopharmacological Therapy, and Acceptance Based Behaviour Therapy. It will be argued that CBT is overall a better treatment for GAD and has been found to be effective and tolerable in the treatment of GAD.
About three percent of men and women in the U.S. suffer from Generalized anxiety disorder (APAA). It is one of the most common forms of anxiety and seems to be the most left untreated because people don’t know that it can be treated (McGradles). GAD, although it affects many, is a disorder that can be detrimental to the quality of life of an individual. With the regard to the quality of life, the level of severity that a person experiences is a great factor in determining more information. The accumulated information is a defining feature in figuring the dissimilarity of the normal fight or flight response and the diagnoses of GAD. The disorder itself is that of excessive worry (AnxietyBC) about everyday
The goals of this study were to examine the efficacy of ACT compared to CBT and to find the intermediating risk factors of each treatment (Craske et al., 2014). The first hypothesis was that social anxiety disorder patients who have a moderate level of cognitive misappraisals will show better improvements if they received CBT compared to ACT. In addition, researchers hypothesized that patients who received CBT also will outperform patients receiving ACT when they have a high level of avoidance. Another hypothesis they chose to examine was that with a comorbid mood disorder, social anxiety disorder patients will show better outcomes with ACT than
The purpose of this paper is to examine different ways of using CBT in treating anxiety disorder. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one of the most used approach in treating anxiety and depression. There are different styles of CBT that are used to treat different subtypes of anxieties. However, the main focus of this paper will be about incorporating different intervention programs to CBT to treat Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).
In addition, CBT is effective because it has the capacity to treat a wide variety of psychological disorders. Among adults, it has been proven effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance abuse/dependence, common marital problems and diet disorders. To conduct CBT within older individuals, it is important to assess cognitive capacity, evaluate whether a patient has sufficient memory function and cognitive processing skills. A brief cognitive screen such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment is effective to assess early problems with executive functioning. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is another recommended screen for severity of depressive symptoms.
CBT stresses on the patient learning to view the triggering, or stressful situations from a different, more manageable perspective, and to use learned methods of relief that attempt to change the thoughts and behaviors that involves training the patient to detect internal and external stimuli that trigger anxiety and to apply newly learned coping skills that target the psychic and somatic symptoms of the disorder. The drawbacks to psychological therapy such as CBT stems from not only its limited availability, since few providers are trained in providing this type of mental health treatment, especially in rural areas, as but also from patient participation in the treatment. Psychotherapy is a gradual process which may take weeks to derive benefit. As such, many patients become unmotivated due to lack of immediate relief of symptoms. Pharmacotherapy via medications such as antidepressants or benzodiazepines is much more effective at relieving immediate symptoms with medications that have few adverse effects and a lower potential for abuse, though is not normally adequate at long term management of GAD. Combining psychotherapy and and pharmacotherapy is the ideal for improvement of symptoms and management of patients with GAD.The benzodiazepine antianxiety drugs relieve anxiety but should only be prescribed for 4 to 6 weeks because of the potential for abuse
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a disorder in which an individual may feel persistent, excessive, and worry about everyday things that may not even happen. Individuals with this disorder may feel worry, excessive anxiety, and have thoughts of the worst even when there is no need for concern. A person experiencing GAD may expect a disaster. They may worry about their finances, money, health, family, work, or any issue that may come to mind. This disorder may be present when a person worrying increases on more days than one for at least six months. GAD can interfere with work, school, family, and even social activities. GAD can be diagnosed in adults when they experience at least three of the symptoms. These symptoms include restlessness or feeling on the edge, fatigue, difficulty focusing or mind going blank, irritability, muscle tension, pain in back or headaches, and sleep disturbance (ADAA, n.d.).