Case Study Of Othello

In the Movie, American Psycho, Patrick Bateman demonstrate challenges to identify his unique type of personality theories. The purpose of this essay is to review a selected film as a Psychology student, and discuss it from a psychological perspective. Also in this paper providing a diagnosis for a character in the movie and discuss the behaviors that support the selected diagnosis, and to explain and discuss the mental illness depicted in the film.

Shakespeare is prominent in his use of recurring themes throughout his works, particularly those of love, death, and betrayal. All these themes are present in Othello. Most dominant, however, are manipulation and jealousy. Jealousy runs the characters’ lives in Othello from the beginning of the play, when Roderigo is jealous of Othello because he wishes to be with Desdemona, and to the end of the play, when Othello is furious with jealousy because he believes Cassio and Desdemona have been engaging in an affair, but manipulation the prominent action that fuels the jealousy within Othello. Some characters’ jealousy is fashioned by other characters. Iago is involved in much of this, creating lies and implementing confusing situations.

Inside each of us, there is a seed of good and evil since it is a constant struggle for us to

There are ten different personality disorders, each having specific symptoms, but all of them share certain characteristics. The first of these characteristics is that an

Personality disorders are included as mental disorders on Axis II of the diagnostic manual of the American Psychiatric Association and in the mental and behavioral disorders section of the ICD manual of the World Health Organization Personality disorders are conditions in which an individual differs significantly from an average person, in terms of how they think, perceive, feel or relate to others. Changes in how a person feels and distorted beliefs about other people can lead to odd behavior, which can be distressing and may upset others There are three recognized personality disorder clusters, cluster A odd and eccentric, Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypal Personality Disorder dramatic and emotional, Borderline Personality Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder and anxious and fearful Avoidant Personality Disorder Dependent Personality Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Personality Disorders: Management

For individuals suspected of suffering from paranoid personality disorder, the American Psychiatric Association’s (2000) DSM-IV-TR outlines the diagnostic criteria that must be met before a diagnosis of PPD can be assigned. These criteria stipulate that onset occurs by early adulthood, in various settings, and that the individual exhibits patterns of ubiquitous distrust and deviousness of others that are construed as evil, unkind, and spiteful. In addition, the individual must present with at least four or more of the following: (1) suspicion that others are deceptive, manipulative, or are a danger to them without probable cause; (2) preoccupation with unwarranted misgivings about the fidelity of close

However, American psychologists contributed to the development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) which classify personality disorders into a number of categories (Shedler, Beck, Fonagy, Gabbard & Gunderson, 2010). The DSM-5 identifies 10 personality disorders into three categories called clusters. The first cluster consists of three disorders; the avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders (Griggs, 2014). Griggs reports that these disorders show highly anxious or fearful behaviour patterns (2014). The second cluster also involves three disorders; the paranoid, schizoid, and the schizotypal personality disorders. According to Griggs, people who are in the second cluster show eccentric or odd behaviours. There are four personality disorders in the last cluster; the antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic disorders. They show excessively dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviour patterns (Griggs,

People with borderline personality disorder show instability in their relationships, self-image, and mood and lack of control over impulses (Stanley & Siever, 2010). They tend to be uncertain of their values, goals, loyalties, careers, choices of friends, and sometimes even their sexual orientations (Roepke et al., 2010). Instability in self-image or identity may leave them with feelings of emptiness and boredom. Many cannot tolerate being alone and make desperate attempts to avoid feelings of abandonment. They may be clinging and demanding in social relationships, but clinging often pushes away the people on whom they depend. They alternate between extremes of adulation in their relationships (when their needs are met) and loathing (when they feel scorned). They tend to view other people as all good or all bad, shifting abruptly from one extreme to the other. As a result, they may flit from partner to partner in brief and stormy relationships. People they had idealized are treated with contempt when they fell the other person has failed them.

With BPD there are often extremes in beliefs and views, such as all good or all bad. People with BPD are can be uncertain about whom they truly are as a person. With no self sense, interests and values may conflict as well as change rapidly. Their views of others may also change quickly. One day a certain person may be admired. The next day that same person may be despised or hated. Suddenly shifting feelings often foster relationships that are unstable and intense. There are numerous other identifiable traits someone with BPD may display. Some of these symptoms may include fear abandonment, feelings of emptiness and boredom, frequent displays of inappropriate anger, destructive impulsiveness, intolerance of being alone, as well as repeated self crises (i.e. self injury).

Paranoid schizophrenia is pretty much what it sounds like. They can feel like someone is always watching them, or that somebody is plotting something against them. They can also feel very suspicious of other people around them. Disorganized schizophrenia is when a person is very delusional. They are not really sure of what is going on around them, and are often times incoherent. Catatonic schizophrenia is when a person very negative or quiet. They are very withdrawn and can be seen sitting in very unusual positions. They have been known to sits in one position’s for hours, not moving or saying a word. Last is Residual schizophrenia. This is probable one of the worst types. A person with this type really does not care about life anymore. They usually do not delusional, and are no longer hallucinating.

   The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains a number of themes; their relative importance and priority is debated by literary critics. In this essay let us examine the various themes and determine which are dominant and which subordinate.

These symptoms are: Delusions which are strange beliefs that are not based in reality. Another positive symptom are hallucinations which makes people hear voices, feel touched when they are not touched and see things that are not really there.

In the play Othello written by Shakespeare, the issue of racism is addressed. Othello, the protagonist of the play, is African American or black. “According to Lois Whitney, many of Othello’s specific attributes probably derive from Shakespeare’s reading of Leo Africanus, whose Geographical Historie of Africa which was translated and published in London in 1600”(Berry, 1990). Many critics have different views on this. “If Shakespeare depended upon Leo Africanus for such details, he must have been much more interested in racial psychology than critics such as Bradley or Heilman suggest”(Berry, 1990). One of the most prominent features of this Shakespeare play is the

Othello is one of the greatest plays due to its variety of character and themes. The immorality seen in Iago, the gullibility in Othello, and the desperation of Desdemona make the story. The theme of social status plays a huge role in the story. In addition, the theme of appearance versus reality also plays a huge role in how each tragedy happens. In the critical essay “Othello” it discusses the idea that the characters are cast as outsiders due to false interpretation of what is happening or what is being said. On the other hand, the piece “Othello Character Analysis” emphasizes how characterization reflects the greatness of the piece.

The second psychological disorder associated with Iago is sociopathic. The symptoms of a sociopath are described as “complete disregard for other’s rights, generally physically aggressive, difficult to stay in relationships, a lot of intelligence and charm. They may seem mellow and friendly but these qualities are artificial and used by