Cats And Dogs And The Domestication Of Cats And Animals

“Animals are important in research precisely because they have complex body systems that react and interact with stimuli much as humans do” (AMA 61). This quote directly correlates with some of the common household pets, which are considered important resources for biomedical and behavioral research. One clear example of an invaluable household pet used in biomedical research are dogs. Dogs are used for many types of research mainly because they have the same relative size of organs when compared to humans. “The first successful kidney transplant was performed in a dog and techniques used to save the lives of ‘blue babies,’ and babies with structural defects in their hearts, were developed with dogs. Open heart surgical techniques, coronary bypass surgery and heart transplantation were all developed using dogs” (AMA 61).

Worldwide, there has always been a plethora of issues concerning whether animals should or should not be used for biomedical research. There are some advocating for the best and most-advanced medicine for the people; with disregard for the animal’s health. They believe people’s needs should be the first concern. However, others put the animal’s health first. If the animal is not in safe conditions, then it does not matter what medicine advances might be discovered. Biomedical research is defined as “The application of the natural sciences, especially the biological and physiological sciences, to clinical medicine” (“Biomedicine.” Dictionary.com, Dictionary.com, www.dictionary.com/browse/biomedical.). Without biomedical research on animals, modern medicine would not exist. Animal testing has enabled the findings of treatments for cancer, antibiotics for infections, and preventatives for illnesses. For these reasons, animal testing should be used in the process of developing biomedical research.

The domestication of animals by humans is an early example of eugenics. Animals were used for hunting, warning system against predators, and overall companionship. (History of Eugenics) Humans at the time wanted a powerful animal, that was able to protect their owner, and help be able to produce food and clothing Obviously a strong animal does not come from handicapped ancestry, rather it comes from a far more adaptive origin. Early day humans exchanged this idea that the fittest animal comes from the fittest parents. This idea of superior origin was used in animal husbandry (History of Eugenics). For instance, a cattle that could produce twice as much milk and supply a strong hide, would obviously out weigh its less useful

Initially, the overall notion of using animal models for human health problems was contrived in response to concerns about infectious diseases. The basic presumption was that if these animals were used empirically, became afflicted with an infection and were cured, there was a feasible theory of stopping the same disease in humans. Animals were originally thought, to be valid models of human health concerns. The animal’s disease however, must have the same biological components, symptoms, and responses to the treatments that are similar to human counterparts. Failure to meet one

Sadly, one in three people, one in four dogs, will face some form of cancer in their lifetime. The hope is that will change one day through the work of many wonderful organizations and initiatives including One Cure. One Cure initiated at CSU, was founded on the principle that cancer is one disease. Cancer is cancer. Because it’s the same disease what is learned in pets being treated for cancer holds promise to also benefit people, and vice versa. This approach is known as comparative oncology and is the core of the One Cure concept. Furthermore, treatment breakthroughs come through collaboration between scientists and doctors who are working with both people and pets. The mission of the CSU Flint Animal Cancer Center is to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in pet animals, translating their research and knowledge to also benefit people with

Historically dogs have served many purposes for humans. They have been used for hunting rodents, disposing of pesky rodents, fighting wars, protecting people as well as valuables, and tending to livestock (Staats et al, 2008). In today’s American society, dogs have become a first option to serve as companions and new additions to families. However, that is not the only purpose that canines serve. Dogs can also be of assistance to people with disabilities, military and police services, and therapeutic practices as well as a companion. To accommodate to the growing demand for pet or service dogs, it has become increasingly easier to buy or adopt them. There are now many options of how to obtain a dog. There are options such as breeders, Petland,

Why are humans so attracted to cats? Cats like dogs have been domesticated for thousands of years, adapting to humans and being part of our everyday lives. In many civilizations cats have even been negated as divine. In ancient Egypt for example they were worshipped like gods and deemed holy. The position of cats in society varies on the civilization and the time period, but they nonetheless exist next to humans to some extent. This bond is unique because cats are independent, and are individualistic creatures. More than dogs, cow's, sheep’s, or any other domesticated animal cats are the closest to being equal independent companions. There is a unique bond between cats and humans that does not exist between any other animal and our history together is one of compatriots rather than dominance.

You can find at least one cat or dog in almost every home in America. In fact, approximately 67 million households have pets and there are 164 million owned pets in the U.S. (U.S. Pet Ownership). But, do we know where our beloved pets came from? Many know that the dog descended from wolves and the cat descended from some larger wild cat but it is a little more complicated than that.

In This Article review I will be talking about how dogs can be used as a treatment for many medical conditions. In “How Dogs Can Help Veterans Overcome PTSD” by Chris Colin and “Therapy Dogs Help Students De-Stress” by Jen Christensen they both talk about how dogs can reduce stress and anxiety. “Medical Detection Dogs Train Animals To ‘sniff out’ breast cancer” and “ Pets may help reduce your risk of heart disease” both say that dogs can be used to detect medical conditions like cancer and heart disease. In “Can Dogs Sense Seizures and Heart Attacks?” and “Seizure-Alert Dogs Save Humans With Early Warnings” similarly they say that dogs are nowadays used to detect when a seizure is coming soon. Dogs can be used in many ways as an alternate treatment.

The threshold of “Life” describes the topic of evolution as a necessary process that has developed over time. This process has given us proof that our planet has had a past and is awaiting a future. This threshold encompasses the physical composition and development of organisms, and how each aspect of their genetic codes influence what their functions are. Each part of an organism serves a purpose. Over time, their genetic makeup changes and improves in order to help them become better suited for their environments. An example of organismal development can be seen in felines. As humans domesticated cats thousands of years ago, it has been proven that they have undergone many changes to make them more environmentally

The domesticated cat is one of the most interesting animals there is. It’s widely spread across the entire planet and was recently introduced to Australia. Even though they are so populated and loved around the world for a number of reasons, their origins are ambiguous and hard to see where they really began. This paper will show you how cats have changed over time, in what ways they have changed, where they originated from, etc. I will explain how they went from big cats like lions or tigers to house hold pets that we know and love today.

The reason dogs have become domesticated was the synergy between humans and the wolves who were the ancestors of modern dogs. Dogs were attracted to humans by scavenging their left over food and the humans liked the dogs protecting the human settlements with their warning barks and fending off other predators with their constant presence. This meant the dogs natural diet of raw food was changed over the years and adapted to include cooked food left over from human consumption. This means that dogs who were essentially carnivores were eating the same food as humans, who were essentially omnivores. It is only since the late 1800′s that commercial dog food has been available, and not until the 1950′s did it become popular. It is also in the same

Humans domesticated cats and dogs tens of thousands of years ago by taking them out of their natural habitat and selectively breeding them, changing the very course of their evolution in the process.(2) Dogs and cats are not native to most of the areas they now occupy, so their reproduction remains relatively unchecked by natural predators or environmental conditions, especially when under human protection. At the same time, their breeding frequency and litter sizes have remained the same as they were millions of years ago. For instance, a single female cat can have three litters a year with an average of five kittens per litter. In only seven years, she and her offspring could potentially produce 420,000 cats. In just six years, one female

Animal testing saves countless lives and plays a practical role in medical advances. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. In 2009, heart disease claimed the lives of some 616,067 people (“FastStats”). However, due to the continuous research done on animals, doctors have found many treatment options for heart disease. For example, surgeries such as heart transplants and coronary bypass have been made successful because of the research done on animals. “In the late 1950s” the first heart transplant was done at Stanford University on a dog (Trull 65). Without this experiment, researchers would never have fathom how to stop the body from rejecting a donated organ (Trull 65). Today many people survive heart transplants because of the testing first done with animals. In addition to surgical procedures, animal testing has been used to develop various vaccines and medicine. Vaccines are used to help   the body fight off an attack of different infections and diseases (“Vaccines”). The development of medicine to fight diseases such as HIV “depends entirely on experiments in animals” (Loeb 72). These vaccines are crucial for human survival. They protect us against bacteria, viruses, and airborne pathogens. Animal experimentation also benefits people who live with life long illness. In 2010, 18.8 million people living in the United

Relying on animal research and testing to protect and improve human health is not only unsafe, but also expensive, time-consuming, and unreliable. Problems of extrapolation, applying information from animal research to humans, are inevitable when researchers use animal models to study human diseases. Species differences in anatomy, organ structure and function, toxin metabolism, chemical and drug absorption, and mechanisms of DNA repair, can give us inadequate or erroneous information when we attempt to apply animal data to human diseases and drug responses. For example, penicillin is toxic to guinea pigs, aspirin is poisonous to cats, and the recalled diet drug phen-fen caused no heart damage in animals, while it did in humans. And despite millions of animals used and billions of taxpayer dollars spent on cancer research, roughly 95 percent of cancer drugs that enter human clinical testing fail while our incidences of cancer have continued to rise. Stated by Dr. Richard Klausner, former Director of the National Cancer Institute, “We have cured cancer in mice for decades—and it simply didn’t work in humans.”[1] Even chimpanzees, do not accurately predict results in humans. More than 80 HIV vaccines that have proven safe and efficacious in chimpanzees buy all have failed to protect or prove safe in humans.