Option 2: Catullus and Lesbia’s Relationship
Introduction
Lesbia is the subject of Catullus’s most passionate and seemingly sincere poems. The relationship between Catullus and Lesbia is tumultuous to say the least. His poems about Lesbia and their relationship display a wide range of emotions which change from a relationship of tenderness and love, to one of uncertainty, to one of sorrow and disappointment. They rapidly fall in and out of love with another. Their affections for one another are fickle and constantly changing. They have a mercurial kind of love. Catullus obviously loved Lesbia deeply, but he also feels intense dislike, disappointment and contempt towards her. Through it all, it seems as though Catullus longs for Lesbia, but
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However, she is not yet named at this point nor is she the addressee of the poem. The sparrow in this poem is a vehicle for telling us about Lesbia and Catullus’s relationship. This poem has subtle sexual undertones, like most of Catullus’s poems involving Lesbia. What is distinctive about Catullus and Lesbia’s relationship compared to Catullus’s other relationships is that he uses subtle erotic language ("a thousand kisses"), in his poems about Lesbia compared with other poems of aggressive themes of penetration in which explicit language is used. This seems to be a case of unrequited love and desire. Catullus has feelings for Lesbia, but she doesn’t have feelings for him at this point. There seems to be a love triangle between Catullus, Lesbia and the sparrow. However, the sparrow plays a passive role. Lesbia interacts with the sparrow by coaxing and teasing it. Catullus is jealous of the sparrow, he wishes to be the sparrow on Lesbia’s lap as she is loving and affectionate towards it. He wishes he could be with her and play with her like she does with the sparrow. He is jealous of the sparrow because the sparrow is receiving Lesbia’s affections. What is unusual about Catullus and Lesbia’s relationship is that Catullus casts himself, and not Lesbia, as the virgin on the threshold of sexual awakening, signifying a gender-role reversal. This is unusual because during this period in history, men were the dominant ones in the relationship …show more content…
The playful passion of the previous poems about Lesbia has been overturned by the announcement that the relationship is as dead as the sparrow. Neither Lesbia nor Catullus seem to desire one another anymore. Catullus describes the good times they shared together but asserts that he will no longer chase or pine after Lesbia anymore. Catullus seems spiteful towards the end of the poem when he asserts that no other man will love Lesbia like he did. Catullus believes that his relationship with Lesbia was special and that her relationships with other men will never match what they had together. The phrasing in this poem is deliberately simple as if Catullus has taken or the persona of a fool or Lesbia’s plaything, just like her pet sparrow. This is unusual because one again we are seeing Catullus in a submissive role and Lesbia in the dominant role in the relationship. This gender-role reversal is unusual during the period of history they lived in, it is generally the man in the dominant role and the woman in the submissive
The love that Lysander and Hermia share is very unlike the relationship between Helena and Demetrius. Lysander and Hermia have loved each other for a very long period of time and have dreamed of getting married. However, Hermia’s father, Egeus, disapproves of this couple. Hermia and Lysander’s love for each other is tested when Egeus tries to shatter their relationship
Hermia and Lysander behave irrationally throughout the whole play because they’re head over heels for each other; however, their love is oppressed by both her father Egeus and the strict Athenian law. In Act 1, Scene 1 when Egeus is at court with Hermia he uses a demanding and dominating tone to state, ‘as she is mine i may dispose of her’ This causes them to act spontaneously and irrationally and as a consequence, they run away from Athens to get married. This entertains the audience by adding more conflict and complication to the story. After they elope to the forest, magic becomes the force that turns love to a dramatic and conflict filled experience that is also entertaining. Lysander acts in irrational ways when he is put under the spell of ‘Love in Idleness’ where he states how madly he loves on Helena, and how much he hates Hermia. ‘Hang off, thou cat, thou burr! Vile thing, let loose, / or I will shake thee from me like a serpent.’ Derogatory language and repetition is used to emphasise his hate toward Hermia and orders her to leave him alone. For example, in Act 3, Scene 2, Lysander has fallen in love with Helena and tells Hermia how he hates her. ‘Out, loathed medicine! O hated potion, hence!’ Conflict between characters create comedy in the play which entertains the audience because of the dramatic irony. Lysander’s insults in the statement are repetition as it is the same meaning but in different words. This language technique emphasises that Lysander wants Hermia to leave him alone.
The speaker uses words such as “louring” (line 2), “deep deceit” (line 8), “grievous” (line 11) and “bale” (line 140. All of these words have sorrowful and despairing meanings to them which gives the whole poem an unhappy tone. The third and fourth lines discus that the speaker cannot even look at the beautiful face, which appears to grow more attractive daily, of the woman he loves. Moreover, the couplet tells the readers that the sorrow in the speaker’s eyes is there because of the pain he has felt due to his faulty relationship. The mouse that “lies aloof for fear of more mishap” (line 7) shows the misery felt by the speaker by using the words “aloof” and “mishap”. “Aloof” means to be stand-offish or reserved, which the speaker is because if he gets too close, he will be hurt again. “Mishap” means disaster or unfortune which altogether sounds miserable. Had the speaker used diction that was lighter or less depressed, the reader truly would not understand the misery the speaker has went through. The miserable diction depicts the deep wounds the speaker received from his love, shedding light to how much he really loved her and how bad she really hurt
The poem’s structure as a sonnet allows the speaker’s feelings of distrust and heartache to gradually manifest themselves as the poem’s plot progresses. Each quatrain develops and intensifies the speaker’s misery, giving the reader a deeper insight into his convoluted emotions. In the first quatrain, the speaker advises his former partner to not be surprised when she “see[s] him holding [his] louring head so low” (2). His refusal to look at her not only highlights his unhappiness but also establishes the gloomy tone of the poem. The speaker then uses the second and third quatrains to justify his remoteness; he explains how he feels betrayed by her and reveals how his distrust has led him
The speaker then contrasts this by using diction. The speaker uses a lot of allusions in this poem from other stories or poems. The first to be mentioned was in the seventh stanza. "And one, to wake the mirth in Lesbia's gaze". Lesbia is referred to the love of the Roman poet, Gaius Valerius Catullus. The line means to wake the happiness in her gaze, also known as the emotion of love. Another allusion is mentioned in the twelfth line. "In the proud Parian's perpetuity". The allusion in reality means the most famous Greek sculptures that were carved out. In the poem however, it seemed to show an expression of looking down your life as if you were going down the halls to look at the sculptures.
The similes used by the speaker help depict his lover’s image. He compares the movement of the separate strands of her hair like goats traveling down the side of a mountain. The speaker also compares when her teeth first appear as she smiles like a flock of sheep that arise after being washed. In his similes, the depiction of the flock of animals is repeated by the speaker in order to show that his lover is very fertile and the two should stick together. This section of the text is similar to the other parts of the poem since the two lovers are completely infatuated with one another and enjoy expressing their emotions.
This story of betrayed love is ironically woven into the bedcover on the marriage bed of Peleus and Thetis. Although the poem is supposed about the story of Peleus and Thetis, which is a happy one, the ekphrasis of Adriane dominates most the poem. In stark contrast to the happy tone of Peleus, The story of Ariadne centers around betrayal and abandonment. Ariadne's expression of grief (lines 132-201), is arguably the focus of the
Finally, in the last quatrain the poet exposes his fear to love again when he compares himself to a fly who “hath ‘scaped the flame” and “will hardly come to play again with the fire” (9-10). In each quatrain the speaker reveals a new emotion which conveys his internal conflict to the reader. This closed form of poetry is also indicated by a rhyme scheme of ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. The speaker uses exact rhyme such as “strange”(1) and “range”(3) as well as slant rhyme such as “bait”(6) and “deceit”(8) conveying that the speaker is lost and misunderstood because he is angry at this woman, but he still is tempted by her. The poet also uses iambic pentameter in the work to make it conversational.
Micheaux begins his poem describing that lovers come and go, they make you who you are, but when they are gone, they are invisible. He states, “To walk in sunlight, where either you or they become invisible, never together seen,” (lines 8-11). Micheaux is describing the past lovers in this instance, and metaphorically, after the breaking of the love, whenever you see the person out in public, or in the “sunlight,” you try to avoid them or view them as invisible beings. By risking the initial love, most the time lust, the two within the union will fight until they reach a breaking point in which cases they turn to love and where there is no love, the union is broken—causing heartache! Micheaux goes on to describe that all past lovers have one thing in common; they can expose you at any time. He states, “Remember what makes one human, animal, is not the high road but the baseness in the heart, the knowledge that they could, at any moment, betray you,” (lines 16-20). The author, here, describes that through the course of a relationship, secrets and knowledge are exchanged, and often knowledge that nobody else need know about. This knowledge is entrusted upon the person being told the information, but when love runs out the person could expose, and ruin, your life. When heart break occurs, there is usually one person that wants to get back at the other person to make them feel higher, which is why
Catullus’ diction in Catullus 101 unearths feelings of melancholy and anger, and contributes to an overall grief-stricken tone. Throughout the poem, he uses words and phrases such as “miseras inferias” (miserable sacrafice), “alloquerer cinerem” (silent ashes), and “fraterno multum manantia fletu” (soaking much with brotherly tears), which affirm the mournful tone of the poem (2, 4, 9). The words he chooses to use carry a
As is typical in many of his poems, Catullus struggles to grapple with his love for Lesbia in poem seventy-two. These eight lines are characterized by numerous contrasts that lead up to Catullus’ painful acceptance that his love for Lesbia is/was not perfect, nor did she reciprocate the affection that he held for her. Catullus structures his poems in elegiac couplets, each containing their own dichotomy. Each couplet begins with a statement regarding their love, then uses a conjunction to counter the previous line, such as nec in line 2, sed in lines 4 and 8, and quare in line 5. This is Catullus’ way of addressing his acceptance of his failed relationship with Lesbia by setting up and refuting his own counterarguments, as if to indicate that his
The tale of Catullus and his affair with Lesbia is an interesting one. He conveys his emotions of love, happiness, sadness, and possibly anger throughout the poems. In V, their love affair is in its honeymoon stage of extreme love and affection. Catullus especially conveys these emotions in the line “Let thoughts kisses rain, a thousand bliss.” The poem sounds as if he were directly talking to Lesbia and telling her to be just as enraptured by their love as he is.
Nevertheless, it is the only poem on the list containing dramatic irony. The title alone is misleading, as the poem is not about Porphyria’s lover, rather her murderer. The speaker is completely unaware that he has done something wrong, proclaiming in line 42, after strangling her, “I am quite sure she felt no pain.” He believes he made her happy, and that her love is his forever, whereas the readers know that he is insane and that he has just murdered this woman. There is a sort of detached madness in his belief that he has won her ultimate
As Catullus talks about Lesbia's beloved pet dying, we are led to believe that Lesbia is his girlfriend. He speaks in great detail about her relationship with her pet sparrow. Surely Lesbia is as least his girlfriend, if not his wife. We soon learn that Catullus is making a fool of himself. Though at some point is appears that Lesbia returned his love, it is clear now that she does not as she tells him no. He is left to prepare himself to be rigid against Lesbia.