Mechanics Practical Number 2
Centrifugal Force Apparatus HFC21
Objective:
The object of the experiment is to verify that the centrifugal force varies in direct proportion to 1. The mass of the rotating body M (Experiment parts 1 and 2) 2. The square of the speed of rotation ω (Experiment part 3) 3. The radius of gyration k (Experiment part 4) In accordance with the formula; F = Mω2k
Apparatus:
Centrifugal Force Apparatus HFC21, Cast iron calibrated weights arranged as in Figs.1 and 2.
Figure 1 Centrifugal Force Apparatus HFC21
Figure 2 Centrifugal Force HFC21 detail
Theory:
According to Newton's first law of motion, a moving body travels along a straight path with constant speed (i.e., has constant velocity)
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IMPORTANT: Ensure the CF shafts flow easily and smoothly through the end supports. Adjust if necessary. Record the force reading from the force display as the “tare” weight of the apparatus in table 1. This will not necessarily be zero due to the in house calibration procedure and the self weight of the system. Rotate the speed control potentiometer to select a speed of 50 rpm. Record the new force reading from the force display into column 3 of table 2. Repeat this for higher speeds by increments of 50 rpm up to around 300 rpm. Record all Reduce the boom speed and then turn the unit off before commencing with the next part of the experiment. Part 2 (Varying mass)
Figure 3 0.1Kg CF weights added
Snap out the CF shafts from their end supports and thread a 0.1Kg CF weight onto each CF shaft. Use the setscrews in the CF weights to secure them in position on the CF shaft so that the centre of each mass is at 0.150m radius from the centre of rotation of the boom (see image above). Record the zero speed load cell reading into table 3. Start the motor and select a speed of 300 rpm. Record the force reading from the force display into column 4 of table 3. Now thread a further 0.1Kg CF weight onto each shaft. This now makes 0.2Kg added to each CF shaft. Adjust the radius of both CF weights on each shaft such that the interface between the two CF weights is 0.150m from the centre of rotation of the boom. Run the motor at 300 rpm and record the force display
3.) Starting with 20g of weight attached to the string on the motor (as seen above) perform 3 experiments with each weight group (20g, 40g, 60g, 80g) and record their voltage, time and current.
Repeat this at the same setting 1 more time to find an average. At the same angle, choose a second setting of force and repeat the process. Follow this procedure using different angles.
The first law by Newton states that the object at rest will be at rest until acted upon by an unbalanced force. To put that into short, the object in motion is going to maintain the same speed and direction until it is acted upon by an unbalanced force. An example would be me in a car. The car will accelerate, and I will accelerate with it. I will go at the same force as a car will. That is also due to me being
Newton’s first law, which states: “An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction
The purpose of this experiment was to create a model that showed the motion of a spinning body and to test the accuracy of said model. The model was created by calculating the measurements of the orbital period of a stopping mass for six varying mass ratios and then comparing them to the model equation derived from the equation for centripetal force. The primary results of the lab were in agreement with the predicted values, therefore our degree of confidence in our data was high.
Introduction: The acceleration toward the center that keeps objects in uniform circular motion (circular motion at a constant speed) is called centripetal acceleration. An understanding of centripetal acceleration was one of the key elements that led to Newton’s formulation of the law of universal gravitation.
There are three laws of motion. Nancy Hall states that Isaac Newton worked in many areas of mathematics and physics. In 1666, when he was 23 years old, he developed the theories of gravitation (2015). Otherwise known as Newton’s first, second, and third Laws of Motion. In agreement with HyperPhysics, “Newton's First Law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force” (HyperPhysics). Newton’s first law can also be recognized as the Law of Inertia. Essentially, what Newton's First Law is stating that objects behave predictably. For instance, a chair is not going to move unless a force is acted upon
Locate the force string and use the hooked end to connect the force string to the other side of the spinning mass. Guide the force string over the pulley. Suspend the mass hanger plus an additional 0.55 kg of mass, so that m= 0.6 kg. Ensure that the weight hanger does not touch the table top. This hanging mass will be referred to as the force mass from now on, and is used to set the centripetal force, Fc. The force Fc is equal to the force mass, in kg, multiplied by gravity. Calculate this value and record it onto Data Sheet C. Adjust the tension knob so that the tip of the spinning mass is directly above the
First, we will set up the force table. The table comes in three separate pieces the base, stand and table once we connect and fasten all three parts we must use a circular level to make sure the table is balanced. If the force table isn’t balanced then we must adjust the base’s feet to the appropriate levels on each leg till the bubble on the level is centered. We must then assign where the positive & negative x, y axis are on the force table as a point of reference and label them with tape .Then for part I we must apply 1.96 N in the positive x – direction, and 2.94 N in the positive y-direction then we must balance the two with a third force and record the magnitude and direction of it and a draw a diagram showing all three forces. Part II
* The relevance of this experiment is similar to understanding a real airplane. Paper airplane models are derived from an actual plane these days. The design of an airplane has so much to do with distance, hang time, speed, and many other factors. Understanding the models I have chosen to make help me
where smax is the maximum displacement or displacement amplitude, k is the angular wave number, and w is the angular frequency of the piston.
Purpose: The purpose of the practical is to find how mass affects acceleration and how it affects also the force of the accelerating body. To do this we are going to do the ticker tape experiment where an accelerating body pulls a tape through a consistent 50 dot per second ticker timer. The acceleration body in this experiment will be a small trolley pulled by a string that is pulled by the downfall of different masses which will then tell how mass affects acceleration.
Purpose: The purpose of the practical is to find how mass affects acceleration and how it affects also the force of the accelerating body. To do this we are going to do the ticker tape experiment where an accelerating body pulls a tape through a consistent 50 dot per second ticker timer. The acceleration body in this experiment will be a small trolley pulled by a string that is pulled by the downfall of different masses which will then tell how mass affects acceleration.
Below are two tables in which I have recorded the data which I obtained during the experiment. The first table reflects the Relationship between the deflection/flexion of the cantilever and the mass of the load and the second table reflects the relationship between the flexion of the cantilever and the length of the cantilever.
Following tables and graphs show the result of the experiment. The tables will demonstrate the experimental and theoretical deflection for each case. The graphs will show the relationship between the load applied and deflection, in addition to compare the experimental deflection and theoretical deflection.