Changes in the Structure of Employment in Rural Areas

One of the many problems that people in the United States face today is the problem of unemployment. Unfortunately, many Americans who are in desperate need of steady income just cannot find a reliable source of employment. In the United States, the rate of unemployment is currently 4.8 percent. Furthermore, in the state of Alabama, the unemployment rate in 5.9 percent. By looking at those statistics, it is easy to see that there definitely could be a direct correlation between high unemployment rates and rural areas.

Throughout time, humans have pushed forward in every aspect in life in order to improve their living standards, wealth and most importantly the agricultural sector which is the base of every human race. Food is the basic requirement for any individual to stay alive and healthy. In an article by Tamsin McMahon, she states that over the past 60 years, the world population has grown from 2.5 billion to 7 billion while world hunger dropped from 40% down to 15% (McMahon T., July 2012). This shows that our agricultural advances through technology have helped control world hunger and decrease it by more than half, but this is a short-term solution if we want to consider the future generations that depend on our current actions toward the three main pillars of agriculture which are: Health and nutrition, Economy and sustainability all while considering the local small farms and corporate farms.

South Asia is one of the most densely populated regions of the world, where despite a slow growth, agriculture remains the backbone of rural economy as it employs one half to over 90 percent of the labor force. Both extensive and intensive policy measures for agriculture

Human societies since the beginning of time have probably committed more land to Agricultural production than for any other purpose. Demand for land especially for Agricultural production in many parts of the globe is on the increase. Studies have revealed that the rise in demand for food to feed the world’s teaming population, the increased demand for agricultural output to produce alternative energy, high agricultural product prices are amount other factors that have caused a surge in the demand for agricultural land globally.

In rural and urban areas, corporatization, brain drain, and the impact of mega cities influences human behavior with poverty. Poverty is a social problem that is difficult to correct related to the overlap of other social problems like inequality, health, education, and social status. Also, the growth and decrease in human population is a factor to poverty. The value and norms from society in the rural and urban areas is self-sufficiency as a picture for work, family, community, and safety. However, the negative impact with poverty jeopardize society's resources in rural and urban areas by pressurizing the norms and value for future growth and development. Today, people move to the cities reducing the size of rural areas for a many of reasons. A shift in rural and urban population affects the ecosystem, biosystem, microsystem, and macrosystem.

on agriculture, stresses on food self-sufficiency and employment to the rural people as the top priorities. Nevertheless, this food self-sufficiency is under strong constraints and handicaps, particularly from the massive rural population growth which consequently leading to illiteracy, ignorance, and backwardness. Besides, alarming also leading to land under cultivation is not only diminishing but also gets further fragmented, ecology degraded, infrastructural facilities do not match with the growth of rural population. This problem has been aggravated mainly by demographic pressure which leads to a large number of very small fields of the country and poor infrastructure facilities like water, electricity, transport, educational institutions, communication, health, warehousing etc. Unless these problems are strategically attended and pragmatic efforts are initiated, India, can’t flourish its rural areas and communities. Keeping these in view, the present paper tries to identify the impediments in implementing rural development programmes and pragmatic efforts to overcome them for ensuring equitable and sustainable development in rural

Do you stay in the rural or urban section of the municipality? Tick the correct option:

Rural areas in Tennessee are showing increases in employment, education, and population, while decreasing the unemployment rate. Employment is a key indicator for economic status. Although employment rates are still not as high as before the recession, rural employment rates are looking more promising. Poverty rates in rural Tennessee are increasing for certain populations and family types, meanwhile decreasing for others.

Since many rural households derive income from some form of non-farm activity, increasing the profitability and range of such activities would improve their ways of living security and living conditions (Awoyemi, 2004). However, expansion of these opportunities related to the asset status and barriers to entry resulting from inadequate or differential access to markets (Ellis, 2000). It is obvious that rural economy is not based on agriculture but rather on a diverse means of activities and enterprises. Much recent thinking on this subject is based on the concept of livelihood diversification as a survival strategy of rural households in developing countries (Ellis, 1998). Farming remains important but rural people are looking for diverse opportunities to increase and stabilize their incomes.

The rapid rise in the population of West Bengal has not been accompanied by significant economic growth. Indicators to show the same are low poverty rates, unemployment and low job growth rates. Local politicians tried to come into power by promising agricultural land to farmers. However, small land holdings were not enough for the locals to survive. Hence, the shift from agriculture to industrialisation was considered, which would give a chance to the locals to earn

India is a developing country. The factors hindering development of the country are many. Some of them can be attributed to the low per capita income and larger chunk of the population living under the poverty line. India is a country with poor people but with rich natural resources. It can be said that the country’s potential is either the human resource or the natural resources are not adequately utilized to the maximum extent and that resulted in low per capita income. India is an agrarian economy. The economy is marred with unemployment and under employment. Since the economy is basically agrarian, disguised unemployment is also rampant among the farmer community.

b. India has a market economy the government doesn’t have a major impact on agriculture, in India agriculture was turned into a way of living by the people. With high hopes and belief that leaving the agriculture life behind and try to strive in the more urban and city life has stunned a lot of Indian people with how quickly and how it is unexpectedly harder to live that lifestyle. The cost of living is higher in the urban areas of the country and with the low paying wages that these people work for it is enough for them to be making a living they would be living check by check each

There have been efforts on the part of the state and Centre government through Ministry of Rural improvement to skill and train youths under diverse government schemes. However, most of those schemes are restrained to the youths beneath Poverty Line (BPL). There should be equal opportunities for all the people residing in rural areas. Every job aspirant should be given equal importance and would be given training in soft skills to lead a proper and decent life. For the Balanced growth in all the sectors the Goal of national policy and programs on skill improvement have has to diversification of economic activities, minimizing the dependence of rural households on agriculture and bringing approximately a sizable increase in the share in both output and employment of allied activities, rural industries, business and provider components of the agricultural economic system.

Rural development has been discussed extensively in the literature by various writers from different disciplines. The universal objective of rural development is to improve the quality of life of rural people. This is facilitated upon a continuous process by government, non-governmental organizations (NGO) and different actors at the (inter) national, state and local levels. Without doubt, this involves how best to organize rural area resources and potentials (especially human and economic potentials) so as to achieve an increase in the overall standard of living of the rural community dwellers. According to Halwart et, al (2003), the idea is to sustain the growth of rural economies, improve rural community livelihood and to promote food security through the improvement of food supply, employment and income. This chapter is divided into four parts. Part one reviews some approaches to the application of agropolitan center strategy in rural physical planning in selected third world countries. Part two examines the basic theories that relate to the spatial organization of human settlements by some well known writers such as Friedman, Christaller and others. Part three relate these theories to the present research and part four looked at large scale agriculture and rural development in the context of aquaculture.

Training for Rural Youth in Self Employment (TRYSEM-1979): To provide technical skills and to upgrade traditional skills of rural youth 18 to 35 years old and from families living below the poverty line and to enable them to take up self-employment in agriculture, industry and services in rural areas themselves14