Characteristics Of An Ideal Biomarker

Perform a series of accurate tests on biological molecules to detect the presence of carbohydrates and proteins, as well as the action of an enzyme on specific molecules.

These methods of genetic testing are accurate, as long as the genetic origin of the tested disease is known (Mahdieh & Rabbani, 2013), but their reliability is harmed by the fact that the results determine probability of diseases occurring (Holt, 2012). Even though a test accurately determines the presence of a given mutation, that mutation may only indicate a patient’s predisposition to developing symptoms. Since other genes or environmental factors may play a part in the tested disease, the results of testing aren’t entirely reliable for a conclusion of whether or not a patient will develop the disease.

There are multiple values being considered in this study. This has the potential to cause a type 1 error and Bonferroni procedures should be used to reduce the risk of a type 1 error from happening.

University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center . (2013). Hypothesis Testing . Retrieved March 21, 2013, from Biostatistics for the Clinician : http://www.uth.tmc.edu/uth_orgs/educ_dev/oser/L2_2.HTM

This was population based study of 22 year screening period and considered as a main strength of the study which makes it successful.

The Merck Manual (2013) highlights the serum lipid profile as the most common diagnostic tool to identify hyperlipidaemia. This measures the total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDLs, LDLs and VLDLs. However, the test should be conducted after the illness has been treated because triglycerides, lipoproteins and cholesterol may be lower due to the body being in an inflammatory state. If there are high LDL levels, lipoprotein(a) and C-reactive protein levels can also be measured in the blood. Those with high triglyceride levels may also have LDL particle number or apoprotein B-100 measurements taken.

SAS University Edition English Version (Cary, NC, USA) was used for statistical analysis and data management. All analyses excluded- refused, inapplicable, don’t know, and missing values. The outcome variable “asthma episodes/asthma attacks” (AB41) was categorized in to three levels: (-1) “inapplicable” (1) “yes” and (2) “no”. This variable was renamed “ABSH” with two categories (1) “yes” and (2) “no”. The predictor variable was “current smoker” (SMKCUR) and was categorized in to two levels: (1) “current smoker”, (2) “not current

Genetics - Certain genes can lead someone to have a higher risk of type 1 diabetes

The first step in the analysis was to categorize each patient by whether or not they passed the clinical threshold during their treatment and if their change was reliable. Clinical cutoff scores and Reliable Change Indexes (RCI) for the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were obtained from past research [@Delgadillo2012; @Griffiths2015; @Kroenke2001; @Spitzer2006]. Clinical cutoff scores for the BASE-6 were obtained from unpublished pilot research and corresponded to the clinical cutoff of the commonly used OQ-45 measure.

One very important disease to screen for in adults is type 2 diabetes because it can often be asymptomatic in the beginning stages. If an individual has any of the risk factors of the disease then they should be tested for diabetes. The risk factors for type 2 diabetes are: a family history (parents or siblings), personal history of gestational diabetes, giving birth to a baby that weighs at least 9 pounds, obesity, being over 45 years of age, hypertension, pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose), limited physical activity, low HDL cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels, and race (African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Pacific Islanders) (Tucker, 2014). There are advantages and disadvantages

This set of particular tests were carried out at Manchester Metropolitan University in the Interdisciplinary Laboratory. Prior to the tests that were going to be carried out the client in question was asked to carry out a Pre-Test Medical questionnaire to assess the risks involved and to see if the client would be able to participate in the tests. The tests that were performed on the client were height, weight, haemoglobin, cholesterol, FEV1 and FVC.

Although most studies suggest there is no single, clear, agreed upon profile, it is unanimous that there is a need for an informative, clinical diagnosis that can be used for future screening and prevention

Captive breeding and reintroduction, translocations, population size estimates, inbreeding depression and avoidance, disease resistance, hybridization between introduced and native species, climate change and adaptation.

| Based on explicit knowledge and this can be easy and fast to capture and analyse.Results can be generalised to larger populationsCan be repeated – therefore good test re-test reliability and validityStatistical analyses and interpretation are

important test of an individuals physical health since unhealthy levels can lead to heart attacks,