Historia de la Lengua Inglesa – Año: 2011 Segundo parcial: domiciliario NIGERIAN ENGLISH Berardi, Lucía Introduction As Jennifer Jenkins states in her resource book World Englishes “... there are approximately seventy-five territories where English is spoken either as a first language (L1), or as an official (i.e institutionalised) second language (L2) in fields such as government, law and education.”[1] There were two dispersals or diasporas of English that contributed to this. The first diaspora took place during the 17th century. It involved the migration of English people mainly to America and Australia, and resulted in new mother-tongue varieties if English. The second dispersal took place during the …show more content…
Therefore, SE is the direct predecessor of today’s Nigerian English. Features of Nigerian English Despite these varieties, Nigerian English has developed distinct phonetic, phonological, lexical and syntactic characteristics. These are quite stable and therefore, they are not considered to be ‘deviations’ from the native norm. This is the reason why Nigerian language experts see an urgent need to codify NE. Below, I included some of the features: • Phonological features: - Since most Nigerian languages do not have dental fricative sounds, Nigerian English speakers tend to substitute English [t] for [Ө] and [d] for [ð]. For ex.: BE (British English) NE THIN [θɪn] [tɪn] THIS [ðɪz] [dɪz] - Consonant clusters are not sounded and either one consonant is dropped or a vowel is inserted in between. For ex.: LIST = /lɪs/ ARRANGEMENT = /əreɪngɪmən/ - The difference between [i:] and [I], [u:] and [υ], [כ:] and [ɒ] is hardly observed by NE speakers since there is no meaning distinction with vowel length. • Lexical features: - At this level, it is noticeable that there are transfers from the local languages (especially from the major ones: Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa) and mostly in these areas: music, clothing, indigenous foods, traditional religious beliefs, local institutions,
Throughout the course of the book Achebe frequently uses African worlds and phrases to describe and show the different aspect of Igbo culture. The familiarity in, which the narrative focuses on the African language creates a sense of authenticity to the writing. What is unique about the narrative tone found within the book is that not only does the author frequently insert the african language within the diction, but the way he translates or explains the words in plain english so the readers who are unfamiliar with the language can still follow, for example: “ ‘Agbala do-o-o-o! Umuachi! Agbala ekene unuo-o-ol’ It was just as Ekwefi had thought. The
They also share one religion which is based upon the Christian religion as there is one creator, God. Family values in this cultures includes birth, marriage and burial. One most always be present to these traditional events. Unlike most of the common ethnic groups in Nigeria, the Igbo people do not possess a reliable historic story that infers their origins. Although, there is no common traditional story that explains their beginnings, theories do exist.
This paper compares and contrasts American English and British English. Although English is the root of both versions, there still is quite a few differences. American and British English was created over time because of Europeans traveling from England to America long ago. Though American and British English are distinguishable, both Americans and Britons could understand each other when conversing since the versions of the English language are so closely similar.
c. Isolate and pronounce initial, medial vowel, and final sounds (phonemes) in spoken single‐syllable words.(1.RF.2.c)
Increasing Kara-lynn’s speech intelligibility will be the primary target of treatment. The multiple oppositions approach with maximally distinct targets will be utilized to treat Kara-lynn’s phoneme collapses into /d/. She collapses multiple phonemes into /d/ in word initial, medial, and final positions including some stops, fricatives, and consonant clusters. The multiple oppositions approach targets phoneme collapse by simultaneously contrasting the errored sounds with the target sounds .This helps the child recognize their own patterns of error and make widespread changes to their sound system as a whole(consider adding reference).
On the other hand, [eʌ] is always placed before n or m such as the words [leʌm] ‘lamb’ and [pleʌn] ‘plan’.
I created word work cards that will help my book buddies decode words with vowel digraphs. I have created blue bordered cards with beginning consonants, green bordered cards with vowel digraphs, and orange bordered cards with ending consonants. Before working with these cards, I will show my book buddies a poster I created that will help them understand that in many cases, when two vowels are together, the first vowel is the sound that is heard. After reviewing the poster, I will begin using the word work cards. When using these cards, my book buddies will each have a card with the vowel diagraphs oa, ai, and ea. I will ask my book buddies to say the sound of the digraphs and then choose a blue bordered card to place on the left side of the card that contains the vowel digraph. I will have my book buddies sound out the letter or consonant cluster on the beginning sound card and then the card containing the vowel digraph. They will then select a card that can complete that word by choosing an orange bordered card that will complete the word,
Another way to think about is to think that we are holding that sound a little longer. Say the two variations slowly pushing down on one sound and then the other. The word address is interesting. In America they stress the ADD part of the word, ADD ress.
Thousands of years ago there was a tribe filled with people known as the Ibo, now known as the Igbo. The Igbo were one of the first tribes to really be able to thrive and have order in their villages. Igboland is now one of the most populated countries in Nigeria. Though Igboland is now one of the most populated countries, it has managed to keep its historical charm. Igboland is now a very well thriving country, but it is still facing many hardships regarding their political system.
In this paper I will discuss Nigeria, a country that was created by European imperialism. Nigeria is located on the Atlantic Coast in West Africa and is border by Benin, Chad, and Cameroon. It is the largest country in Africa. Nigeria has three main tribes which are the Yoruba, Hausa, and Igbo and other tribes as well. The official language of Nigeria is English although, the Yoruba, Ibo, and Hausa tribes represent the principal native language. Dance and music are a focal point in the Nigerian livelihood. The traditional Nigerian uses dance at births and deaths, on happy and sad occasions, and in worship. Nigerian music consists of many instruments. They are the trumpets, brass, vocals, percussion frame drums, kettle drums, double bass, flutes, and the electric guitar. Drums are considered very important to the Nigerian music and dances. In the Nigerian culture, art serves as a social or religious purpose. Nigeria is a celebratory country. Many holidays and festivities are observed by the Nigerian community to preserve their cultural heritage. Two of the most common are the National Day and The New Yam Festival. Traditional Nigerians have
Ashlyn’s raw score (number right) of 91 words on the pretest for the Slosson Oral Reading Test (SORT) placed her at the 48 percentile. She placed slightly below average. Ashlyn’s miscues were visually similar to the target words. For example, she substituted “him” for “hill,” “timud” for “timid,” and “disire” for “desire” suggesting that Ashlyn was able to produce the beginning and ending sounds however she had a difficult time with medial vowel sounds. Intervention will focus on vowel sounds and vowel teams.
Match phonemes to phonograms. Student will learn these word families at – ad- ap – ag- am – an
[p] spill b. low front vowel! [æ] tack c. lateral liquid! [l] lip d. velar nasal! [ŋ] sing e. voiced interdental fricative! [th] this f. voiceless affricate! [č] cherry g. palatal glide! [j] yodel h. mid lax front vowel! [ε] head i. high back tense vowel! [u] food j. voiceless aspirated alveolar stop! [th] team
The majority of Yoruba people are located in Southwest Nigeria and Benin. They make up about 21% of the population of the modern day Nigeria and have become
Every language constitutes its own sound system, and this sound system is a very important aspect when learning or studying a language. Along with this sound system are the prosodic features of a language. This study is about the phonological system and the prosodic features of