Childhood Trauma Can Have A Significant Impact On The Behaviour

Terr, L. C. (1991). Childhood traumas: an outline and overview. Am J Psychiatry, 1, 48.

(Müller-Oerlinghausen, Berghöfer & Bauer, 2002). More importantly, It should be noted that controversy has arisen over the exact reasons individuals suffer from bipolar disorder, where it still remains somewhat unclear (Leahy, 2007). Although ambiguous, researchers have established that bipolar disorder results from a multifaceted interaction of genetic and environmental factors (Demjaha, MacCabe & Murray, 2011) in sum, several things are said to be correlated with origin and maintenance of Bipolar disorder. This literature review will examine the biopsychosocial model approach. Examining biological, environmental and psychological under pinning’s in the diagnoses and classification of mental illness.

Genetics accounts for a significant share of almost 80 percent of all bipolar diseases occurring in the world. Psychological abnormalities in certain structure of the brain circuits can also cause bipolar. In the case of Patoshik, it is believed that environmental influence caused the bipolar disorder. Alexander Mahone said to Haywire, “I know you killed your parents because they hurt you, and I know you killed that guy yesterday because he was hurting Sasha, but what you did... It was wrong” (Scheuring, 2005). The excerpt indicates that Patoshik lived with abusive parents, where his father is known neighborhood drunkard. Repeated findings indicate that approximately 30-50 percent of adults who are diagnosed with bipolar disorder had traumatic/abusive childhood experiences. Such persons often display higher rates of suicidal attempts and co-occurring illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorders. Neurological conditions and injuries such as stroke, HIV infection, porphyria, traumatic brain injury among others are negligible contributors to bipolar

The research found that a history of severe childhood abuse is to be found in approximately half of adults with bipolar disorder with multiple forms of having occurred in about a third. Distinct negative impacts on clinical outcome were associated with childhood physical, sexual or emotional abuse histories, with evidence suggesting more extensive suicidality, rapid cycling and possibly comorbid substance misuse associated with multiple forms of childhood abuse. This study helped me come to the conclusion that Marya was not sexually abuse as a child. In my opinion since the study suggest that only half of the 100 people showed symptoms of severe childhood and sexual abuse was included within this half it is not enough evidence to conclude that our client Marya has been sexually abused.

This prevalence rate is considerably higher than that of the general population, therefore confirming the theory that trauma occurring in childhood has the ability to play a significant role in the development of mental illness. In addition to broad and generalized findings, they also found specific age groups to be related to specific forms of trauma in terms of what can result in the most detrimental effects. In relation to emotional abuse, it is considered most damaging at ages 6, 14, and 16. Sexual abuse is most harmful at age 12. Non-verbal abuse was found to be more detrimental at age 14 (Schalinksi, 2016). All of these findings also proved to be predictive of the development of PTSD as well as other mental illnesses, such as

The likelihood of development of a mental illness and suicidal behavior increases with exposure to childhood trauma. One single childhood adverse

Childhood trauma contributes to the development of disorders later in life. Several psychological disorders may be caused by childhood trauma. These disorders may include: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, addiction, borderline personality disorder, and dissociative identity disorder.

Bipolar disorder is typically a condition that affects people in their late teens and early adulthood. It is usually not thought to affect a child but it is something that, if present at a young age, can seriously affect the way a child grows up. Bipolar disorder affects every aspect of a person’s life and is not as understood as it should be. Researchers are still looking for the cause of this illness and how it can be treated but overall it is a condition that many people are undereducated on and that is something I’m hoping this paper might be able to change for some.

The Australian & New Zealand study titled, "Childhood Trauma in Bipolar Disorder" took place in Newcastle University and Otago University with sixty outpatients

The pervasiveness of these correlations is high and suggesting childhood trauma could play a major role in the psychological health of a person later in adulthood, and there have many studies which have been conducted that could support these theories.

Also crucial to the examination and identification of a prodromal phase indicative of BPD is the heritability of BPD. Offspring of parents with Bipolar Disorder are more likely than offspring of normal parents to develop Bipolar Disorder. The genetic component of Bipolar Disorder increases the likelihood of the heritability of Bipolar Disorder which is 59% amongst offspring of parents with BPD (Lichtenstein, Yip, Björk, Pawitan, Cannon, Sullivan, & Hultman 2009). In a study conducted in Sweden by Lichtenstein, Yip, Björk, Pawitan, Cannon, Sullivan, & Hultman (2009), a cohort of children with relatives who have a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia, respectively, were analyzed in terms of whether or not they developed the disorder. This cohort was obtained by linking two Swedish national registers which contain information about first-degree relatives. A hospital discharge register was also examined to obtain information about patients’ diagnoses and psychiatric admissions. Researchers found that Bipolar Disorder shared genetic effects in common with another disorder and non-shared environmental effects played a large role in the acquisition of BPD (Lichtenstein et al 2009). A genetic

The key concept of this literature review is to better understand how childhood trauma is associated with mental health, such as post-traumatic stress disorder

In life people go through experiences that cause their moods to change for the better or for the worse. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the operational definition of bipolar disorder, identify the additional specifiers, comorbidity, prevalence and discuss the cost of treating the disorder. Also, a detailed explanation will be provided about the population most impacted by the selected disorder and evidence-based approaches to assessing the disorder will be presented. In addition, evidence-based treatment approaches to address the disorder will be displayed. Last, a summary will be shared by relating an intervention from the evidence-based treatment approach to each of the themes of School of Social Work Advocacy, Empowerment and transformation.