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Civil Slavery, By Francis Wayland Essay

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In “Domestic Slavery,” Francis Wayland makes the case for the theological prohibition, and so general abolition, of racial slavery. His particular thesis is most apparent in his conclusion, where he claims that “the Christian religion not only forbids slavery, but that it also provides the only method in which, after it has been established, it may be abolished, and that with the entire safety and benefit to both parties” (197). Wayland’s argument therefore has two burdens: first, to show how Christianity establishes a prohibition against slavery; and second, to show how Christianity provides the peaceful means of abolishing the already existing and entrenched system of racial slavery. The innovation of Wayland’s argument is how the first claim is linked to the second. Interpreting in terms of its principles, slavery gives the master right to direct the enslaved person’s actions toward the end of the master’s happiness. Wayland recognizes this as a violation of God’s created order. All aspects of the labor of the enslaved are subject to the benefit of the master. Moreover, in this arrangement, the master is responsible for the intellectual development, and—what is primarily Wayland’s concern—the moral development of the enslaved person. By possessing agency over the enslaved’s moral development, which is properly the role of God, the master renders “the eternal happiness of the one part subservient to the temporal happiness of the other” (188). If such principles weren’t

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