Civil Conflict
The first of the four traps is the conflict trap. Collier defines civil war, as a development in reverse, where not only the country itself suffers from the outcomes of war but the neighbouring countries are also affected because civil wars tend to spill into its neighbour’s territories. Collier provides economic data to show how civil wars impact economic development, in which he finds that “civil war tends to reduce growth by around 2.3 percent per year, so the typical seven-year war leaves a country around 15 percent poorer than it would have been.” He finds the two main causes of civil war linked to an economic context, comprising of low incomes and slow growth. Low income and civil war bounce off each other because just like civil wars reduce income, low income creates struggles that increase the chance of civil war. A number of studies that sought to identify the fundamental causes of civil conflict, conducted by four university economists from Oxford, Stanford and Yale, in which Paul Collier was one of the researches, concluded with similar results. Collier and Anke Hoeffler found that “countries which do not experience war are characterized by a per capita income that is more than five times higher than in countries in which wars broke out.” The other studies by James Fearon and David Latin, found that “in Africa, the Middle East and Asia, “$1,000 less in income corresponds to 36 percent greater odds of conflict outbreak.” The Final study by
In the books The Civil War and Limits of Destruction by Mark E. Neely and The Destructive War by Charles Royster, both authors examine and question the destructiveness of the war. Neely is of the opinion that the Civil War was not a total war, while Royster argues the Civil War was the first modern war in American history. Both authors take different approaches to examining the war, as well as the role specific people played in the war. While both authors offer valid arguments to support their positions, there is no argument from either author that the Civil War had a major historical impact on our nation. While both books focus on the destructiveness of the Civil War, they differ not only on their view of the war as a total war, but also on the level of destruction, the approach used to support each authors point of view and the role that race played in the war.
While both the North and the South relied on intelligence gathering during the Civil War to help with the end result of victory, the Union’s accord to use freed slaves as spies undoubtedly was a decision that pushed the North to victory. By risking their own lives, these brave freed slaves helped to ensure the freedom of so many others. While official records are difficult to come by documenting intricacies, the use of escaped slaves as a primary source of intelligence for the Union is without a doubt a decision that helped the nation finally become one.
In A Separate Peace, the author chooses to use conflicts to show the growth of a character. As a conflict happens there is some sort of growth which the character gains as a result. In fact, there are many conflicts throughout the story that shape the characters in unique ways including Genes jealousy of his best friend, Finny doing dangerous things, and Gene trying to live through Finny. Some conflicts result in good ways some result in bad and it changes the way the character is. The book is a good example of what it is like when a conflict happens in real life, by showing growth of a character after a conflict. The decisions made by the characters will either change them in positive or negative ways; that is an important message that the book tells quite well.
The Civil War began as a purely military effort with limited political objectives. The North was fighting for reunification, and the South for independence. But as the war progressed, the Civil War gradually turned into a social, economic and political revolution with unforeseen consequences.
A Separate Peace, a coming-of-age novel by John Knowles, demonstrates the consequences of conflict in personal relationships, as well as within oneself. In the novel, Gene Forrester, the protagonist, battles with internal conflict involving his identity and emotions towards his best friend, Phineas, also known as Finny. Gene develops envy towards his best friend and believes in an enmity between them that does not exist, which leads to external conflict between Gene and Finny. Gene, throughout the novel, creates the most conflict that separates him from Finny, ultimately leading to Finny’s demise. Examples of these conflicts, both real and imaginary, have been provided by Gene’s thoughts as the narrator. One of the first signs of internal conflict involving Finny can be recognized when Finny calls Gene his best friend, to which Gene does not respond. As Gene states, “Perhaps I was stopped by that level of feeling deeper than thought, which contains the truth”(Knowles 48). The internal conflict has already begun, onsetting many more conflicts to come. This quote means that Gene does not consider Finny his best friend due to Gene’s latent jealousy towards Finny’s charm and wit. An example of external conflict as a result of Gene’s internal conflict can be derived from the scene where Gene realizes that Finny had no ill will towards him and that all enmity between them had been a figure of Gene’s imagination. Gene had thought Finny was making an effort to distract him from his
The Civil War was a major event in our nation’s history that would affect the country for years to come. Both good and bad came from the political, social, and economic reforms that would fall upon the United States in this aftermath. This paper will detail how constitutional amendments, Jim Crow laws, and Scalawags and Carpetbaggers were lasting effects of the Civil War.
War is easily explained through the lens of social conflict theory, a sociological theory that suggests society tends toward conflict because it is made up of groups with competing interests and unequal resources. The theory proposes that a
The Civil War and the late 1800’s brought change. Though it was a time rebuilding, despair and much loss there rose a political revolution. This political revolution derived from the Civil War and helped shape the world into what it is today. As the Civil War was fought there was a change in political parties, there were new Acts and Amendments passed at the time, and Lincoln’s assassination. With these changes the Civil War was pushed into a new direction and propelled into the future.
If examined closely, you can see both sides of the war have numerous qualities and weaknesses. Several respect North since they are as of now the most arranged and prepared for this war. The North as of now also has twice as much railroad tracks than the South. This will seriously affect the South since it would let the North transport weapons, ammunition, and other military equipment required for their armed force. The North has around 100,000 manufacturing plants while the south has around 20,000 so the North have the capacity to deliver more weapons, ammunition, shoes and more things that will help the armed force. Starting now, North is financially set for war, they have enough cash in the bank. In addition, along with the economy it was
“The most widely accepted relationship between economic factors and civil war is that high-income nations are less likely to experience civil wars than low-income nations.” (Dixon 714). The disagreements over how to spend money and tax imported goods, and how territories should be distributed, cause this one nation to fight against each other.
The Civil War can be conceptualized into four different stages: The Anaconda Plan, Dividing the South, The War for Freedom and finally Grant’s War of Total Annihilation.
The Civil War, known by many as one of the most tumultuous times in our
The differences that were apparent between the North and South divided the regions in the years leading up to the Civil War. During this time Americans started seeing themselves as two different peoples. In the North the abolitionist movement was becoming stronger. Abolitionist’s believed that all slaves should be freed immediately. However, Southern politicians tried to defend slavery by implying that it was God’s work, and anyone who was against slavery was against God. Most Southern whites believed in the superiority of their social class and insisted that the class system relied on having slave labor. Southern politicians tried to protect slavery by having control of the federal government. There was a strong social hierarchy in the South,
Seeing these soldiers march off to participate in efforts to serve a nation at war gave both the young and old something to hold on to. From a psychological standpoint, it could be perceived that just about every soldier knew that family and outsiders were depending on them to make them proud. For these men to shatter racist attitudes about the valor of black soldiers was unprecedented which they could not afford to turn their back on once they were given the opportunity to prove themselves.
The empirical study of Collier and Hoeffler of 2004 will serve as starting point and basis of this paper, as it has initiated the debate about whether greed or grievance explanations about the origins of civil wars are inferior, as well as it was extremely famous and influential - not only in the academic sector, but also in policy and donor circles and the media (Berdal, 2005; Keen). However, because policy implications resulting out of their economic based conclusion are not overall appropriate, the study needs to be revisited with new data and novel approaches.