Clinical Management Of Pre Eclampsia

eclampsia in a pregnant woman can put her and her unborn child at risk. A risk

Due to the loss of muscle mass, protein adequacy is also a problem in older adults because it is not advised to increase protein intake. Limited protein intake may result in vitamin A, C, D, calcium, iron, zinc, and other deficiencies (Grodner, 2012). Overall, Theresa’s small nutrient intake can result in many nutrient deficiencies.

Preeclampsia/Eclampsia is a complicated pregnancy-induced syndrome that usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation. Together with gestational hypertension, the continued presence of chronic hypertension, and the superimposition of preeclampsia on chronic hypertension, preeclampsia is one of the four categories of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, which affect 5%-10% of all pregnancies [1]. Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, as well as a major cause of adverse effects on fetal well-being both worldwide and in the US. Specifically, one third of severe maternal morbidities, 10%-15% maternal death in low-/middle- income countries and 15% of preterm birth is attributed to preeclampsia [1-3]. The diagnostic criteria of preeclampsia has been changing during the past two decades (Table 1). The most recent guidelines for hypertension during pregnancy by the American College of

The first research topic I am considering is medical interventions in prenatal care. My research question would be “Are medical interventions creating more harm than help in prenatal care and the birthing process?” This topic is a bit personal to me as I have had four complicated pregnancies, followed by complicated births. I believe that if a more natural approach been taken that I may have been spared the traumatic experiences. I intend to argue the point that a woman’s body is built for creating life and that there should be some degree of confidence in the woman’s body by medical professionals. I also plan to argue that the amount of unnecessary medical interventions has resulted in maternal trauma,

When it comes to childbirth many women say it is the best experience they go through in life. But women who are in prison say other wise. Being pregnant and locked up is one of the worse and hardest experience in life for them. It is not because they are pregnant in prison but it is the treatment they receive before and after the birth. Some of the women say they get great treatment but others say the treatment is horrid.People in the real world are debating if the treatment of pregnant women in prison is proper or if the treatment needs to be changed for the good or for the bad.

(2) Therefore, for medics to effectively manage the eclamptic patient, they should understand key signals and, ideally, the patient’s past medical history. Based on data analysis of patients considered to be “at risk” for developing eclampsia, those with “prior pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension (HTN), pre-gestational diabetes, assisted reproductive technology, and BMI >30 were most strongly associated with a high rate of pre-eclampsia.” (4) Lastly, women at both extremes of childbearing age (young and old) are more likely to develop pre-eclampsia than other parous women. These are key factors to consider when initially evaluating a patient at greater than 20 weeks gestation with BP of over 140/90. (2)

When a woman is pregnant, any risk to herself or her baby is a significant problem. How many women suffer from Preeclampsia? Out of five to ten women. A woman who had a normal blood pressure before pregnancy can develop high blood pressure and excess proteins in her urine after the first twenty weeks of pregnancy. When this occurs a woman is told she has a disease named preeclampsia, which puts her baby and herself at risk. Preeclampsia grows unexpectedly after twenty weeks, with a high increase in blood pressure, excess proteins in her urine, extreme headaches, nausea, dizziness, sudden weight gain as sudden symptoms as sudden signs of sickness.

Some examples could be a proteinuria level greater than 300mg/24hr a urine dipstick results greater than 1+. Protein/ creatinine ratio would be greater than 0.3. Serum uric acid level would be greater than 5.6mg/dl and a serum creatinine would be greater than 1.2mg/dl. Some women with preeclampsia might have a platelet count less than 100,000mm3. AST level would be less than 70u/l and a LDH level less than 600u/l. Some research suggest calcium plays a role in prevention. Eleven trials of women who are receiving calcium supplement of one gram daily has showed thirty percent reduction in the risk of preeclampsia (Atallah, Hofmeyr & Duley,2003). These results are greater in women who were at high risk and women with low calcium intake prior to the trail (Atallah, Hofmeyr & Duley, 2003).

Pregnancy can either be the most wonderful time in a woman’s life or the scariest and quite often it is both at the same time. One of the first things that most women do when they become pregnant or even before they become pregnant is focus on their prenatal care. This time in the womb is very important in a baby’s development and taking care of the body is something that is extremely beneficial to the wellbeing of a newborn. Prenatal care is probably one of the most important parts of pregnancy in general. There are many things that women can do in order to get the prenatal care that is needed in order to prevent diseases of the mother that can lead to birth defects of the child and long term problems for the mother as well.

During the second half of pregnancy, the combination of the normal systemic inflammation of pregnancy and preexisting vascular inflammation may be excessive and generate the clinical features of the pre-eclampsia syndrome (Stage 3) (Redman and Sargent, 2010). If true, then this condition, on its own, would not be associated with abnormal placentation and placental perfusion, such as FGR or markers of syncytiotrophoblast stress. The view of dichotomous placental and maternal pre-eclampsia is likely simplistic. It is probable that the impact of preexisting systemic inflammation would not be confined to the end of pregnancy. For example, it is not known whether pregestational systemic inflammation (as with obesity) or insulin resistance (as with

Diabetes does not affect one age group more than another; it is not bias or discrimination. This document will discuss the topic of gestational diabetes that will include assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and risk factors. This paper will deliver the reader with a projected treatment plan. As practitioners, we must learn to individualize, or treatment plans to obtain patient specific high-quality results. Gestational Diabetes is a dominant issue in the United States and affects almost 6% of the population's pregnancies (Garrison, 2015).

Preeclampsia is heterogeneous in its presentation as well its association with long-term effectss for child and mother. Pre-eclampsia exists as two major types, namely; maternal and placental pre-eclampsia (Ness and Roberts 1996). It is widely agreed upon that poor placentation is strongly associated with Foetal Growth Restriction (FGR), even when pre-eclampsia is absent, but it is less clearly documented in association with normal fetal growth and

Hypertension which is characteristic in preeclampsia has been linked to severe vasospasm as a result of marked increase in vascular reactivity as a result of excessive inflammation from the released cytokines, and endothelial dysfunction (Ref). Failure of normal vasodilatation in patients with preeclampsia result in lower intravascular volumes with less tolerance to blood loss associated with delivery, and generalised body oedema with sudden weight gain in pregnancy which are not evident in this patient (Ref).

Results: Thirty-eight and 32 subjects participated in the nonlaboring and laboring groups, respectively. The oxytocin ED90 was significantly greater for the laboring group (44.2 IU/h [95% CI 33.8 to 55.6]) compared with the nonlaboring group (16.2 IU/h [95% CI 13.1 to 19.3]) (difference in dose 28 IU/h, [95% CI of difference 26 to 29, P < 0.001]). Significantly more women in the laboring group (34%) than the nonlaboring group (8%) required supplemental uterotonic agents (P = 0.008). The overall incidence of side effects was greater in the laboring group (69%) than the nonlaboring group (34%) (P = 0.004).

The risk factors of gestational hypertension developed into preeclampsia are having past history of preeclampsia, first pregnancy, a family history of preeclampsia and some preexisting medical conditions1. Preexisting medical conditions like diabetes that related to renal or vascular disease which lead to high blood pressure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) which causes low glomerular filtration rate and subsequently lead to hypertension may develop preeclampsia. Moreover, pregnant women with twin pregnancies and maternal age may also contribute to preeclampsia3.