Clinical Overview Template ( Deep Vein Thrombosis )

risk of bleeding due to the trauma that occurs during surgery and the incision that comes from it. The normal level for INR is “0.8-1.1,” so although the patient was at the end of this range at 0.93 (Pagana et al., 2015, pp. 767-768). Some healthcare facilities would potentially want to lower this level to prevent deep vein thrombosis. Although the nurse does not typically preform the INR or hemoglobin check they can educate and get the patient ready for the laboratory team to come and do these tests. The nurse can assess for signs of increased bleeding while the patient is in the acute care setting in case there is evidence to believe that one of these two levels could be off. These tests are not only important for this patient, but for all

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a disease that embodies both pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the side of research, VTE is the most common preventable cause of hospital-associated mortality and is both the second most common medical complication and cause of excess length of hospital stay (LOS). Furthermore, with appropriate evidence-based prophylactic measures, the occurrence of hospital-associated VTE (HA-VTE) can be reduced by as much as seventy percent. Subsequently, there are approximately between 200,000 and 300,000 VTE-related deaths annually, which is greater than the yearly rate of mortality for breast cancer,

There are many people that suffer from venous thromboembolism. Venous thromboembolism includes both deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This is the third most common cause of vascular death after a myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, and stroke. This article examines the possibility of either full or low intensity anticoagulation therapy versus aspirin. This was a randomized study that consisted of 3,396 individuals who have venous thromboembolism. These individuals either received rivaroxaban, which is an anticoagulant, or 100 mg of aspirin once a day. The individuals in this study completed 6-12 months of anticoagulation therapy and were eligible for inclusion in the study if they were 18 years of age or older. The

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage in a lung artery due to a clot.1 These clots are a result of a condition called deep venous thrombosis (DVT), the clots travel from veins usually in lower extremities through the bloodstream to the lungs, and block an artery.1 If not treated, this condition may lead to death depending on the size of the clot; therefore rapid treatment must be administered.1 The aim of this article is to analyze multiple peer reviewed research studies about the effects of thrombolytic therapy on the mortality and treatment escalation during the management of patients with an acute PE. The assumptive benefit of using thrombolytic therapy is that it can potentially break up clots instead of only preventing them from getting larger and dissolving clots will lead to an improved hemodynamic status in a short time period.2 However the effects of thrombolytic therapy are relatively unclear compared to the standard anticoagulation therapy which is prescribed more often.2

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including both deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is reognised as the leading cause of preventable in-hospital mortality. DVT is the formation of blood clots in a deep vein- usually the large veins in the leg or pelvis. The most serious complication of a DVT is that the clot could dislodge and travel to the lungs, becoming a life-threatening blood clot in the lungs, pulmonary embolism. When a blood clot breaks loose and travels in the blood, this is called a venous thromboembolism. An inflammatory reaction is usually present mainly in the superficial veins and, for this reason this pathology is often called thrombophlebitis. It is a disorder that can occur in all races and ethnicities, all age groups, and both genders. Despite a marked increase in federal and national efforts to raise awareness and acknowledge the need for VTE prevention, VTE continues to remain as an important and growing public health problem. Unfortunately, VTE recurs frequently and is commonly overlooked, affects both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients, and results in long-term complications including chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTPH) and the post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS).

A DVT is a thrombus or blood clot that most commonly occurs in deep veins in the leg or pelvis. DVTs usually start distally in the veins of

A focused assessment is an assessment that centers directly on the chief complaint that a patient presents with when they arrive to seek out care. In this case, our assessment is focused on a potential deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A DVT is a essentially a ball of blood cells that are clumped together impeding blood flow which can cause irritation to the vein and potentially more dangerous problems. If the thrombus moves, it can travel through the body and into the lungs and impeded breathing which is not good. Therefore, it is essential to catch DVT’s right away and treat them to prevent them from moving. The first thing that needs to be assessed when a patient presents with a suspected DVT is their level of consciousness and their vital signs including the heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, temperature and oxygen saturation. Next, assess the site of the expected DVT, and perform a neurovascular assessment which comparing to the same site on the opposite side of the patients body. Check for adequate circulation by assessing for pink color distal to the site. While performing this assessment, you want the area distal to the site to be pink to ensure there is adequate blood flow. If it is whitish in color, this is a sign of a DVT and needs to be documented. While assessing color, also assess the site directly for any color deviation from the clients natural skin color. If the

3. In the results, why bleeding was discussed separately instead of being contained in the primary outcome?

May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is the pathologic compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery, resulting in left lower extremity pain, swelling, and deep venous thrombosis. Though this syndrome was first described in 1851, there are currently no standardized criteria to establish the diagnosis of MTS. Since MTS is treated by a wide array of specialties, including interventional radiology, vascular surgery, cardiology, and vascular medicine, the need for an established diagnostic criterion is imperative in order to reduce misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Although MTS has historically been diagnosed by the presence of pathologic

Pain in the legs is one of the most common symptoms of vein thrombosis. If you feel a leg pain while walking, make a pause and rest. If the pain reappears when you start walking again, visit a doctor.

The pharmacological intervention includes the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and low-dose unfractionated heparin (LDUH). A finding of the study suggests that there is a significant reduction of VTE (13%) using thrombo-prophylaxis than without using any thrombo-prophylaxis (27%) and the single use of LDUH decreases the case with 15% (McNamara, 2014, pp.645). Furthermore, the study elaborates the use of aspirin could be an intervention to minimize the VTE but there is a chance of gastrointestinal bleeding. Thus, aspirin and other antiplatelet drugs are less effective methods to reduce VTE. Moreover, the pharmacological method is not effective in certain case that is associated with bleeding disorder. Therefore, there is a need of non-pharmacological preventive

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a disorder that occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein that is deep inside the body. It is mainly associated with veins in the legs, usually in the lower leg and thigh, but may occur in other parts of the body. About half of the people who have DVT show no symptoms, but people who sit for long periods, are over 60 and smoke are at higher risk, and should be aware of possible signs of a problem.

Konstantinides, S., & Goldhaber, S. (2012). Pulmonary embolism: Risk assessment and management. European Heart Journal, 33(24), 3014-3022.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication that affects as many as one in every 1000 surgical patients each year in the United States (Carlson & Pfadt, 2012). Without preventative measures, up to forty percent of orthopedic surgery patients develop VTEs (Ryan & Johnson, 2009). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is one of the more common VTEs developed by hospitalized patients. When a DVT breaks loose, it can travel to the lungs and become a pulmonary embolus (PE), which can lead to death. Around sixty to eighty percent of patients with DVTs develop PEs (Carlson & Pfadt, 2012); thus, prevention of DVT is of the utmost importance.

Thrombosis - This is a rare but potentially lethal blood clot in a vein. It is common in the calf muscle