Compare And Contrast The Food And Industrialization Of Food From Dar Al-Islam

One of the most prominent effects of the cross cultural interaction was the Afro Eurasian Trade Network which helped increase revenue. The trade routes that were part of this network were the Mediterranean Sea Maritime Trade Route, Indian Ocean Maritime Trade Route, Eurasian Silk Road and the Trans-Saharan Trade Routes. The increase in trade resulted in the emergence of major cities such as Timbuktu, Jenne, Mogadishu, Mombasa and other Swahili city states. Another reason for the flourish of trade was the invention of new technologies such as caravans for traveling and the trading of luxury goods such as silk, cotton and porcelain. The dawn of new kingdoms such as Mali, Songhay and Sudan contributed to this effect as well. The spread of Islam resulted in

In the Arabian peninsula, Islam had started. After Muhammad died, the Muslim community embarked on a series of military conquests that extended their control over much of Eurasia and north Africa. Muslim merchants also became a prominent figure in trade during this time. The Islamic empire extended to the Arabian Peninsula and many areas around it. These places were central in the Mediterranean sea, Indian Ocean, and silk road trade routes. The Muslim merchants became a very big part of trade because of their location at the center of many trade routes from Eurasia to Africa. They were also a prominent part of trade because the camel saddle started to be used frequently in 600 CE. Camels were more equipped to walk through the desert, and so the ability to control them made the Muslims a major part of silk road trade. In addition to this, the Muslim agricultural revolution occurred around 600 CE. This caused more crops like cotton to be cultivated and traded, causing a greater income and virtually more trade between Africa and Eurasia. In the Indian Ocean basin, the Gupta empire had declined and there was no centralized rule in India. However, there were still major trading cities and new technologies caused trade to increase. An example of the new technologies would be the dhows and junks that were used at around 800 CE.

In this time period there were two major sea trading routes, the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, and a massive network of land trade called the Silk Roads (World History 272). Muslim merchants used Arabic and money credits called sakks in their deals (World History 272). These trade routes provided optimal environments for Islam to spread because the merchants had personal interactions with people where they could inform them of the religion and provide them an opportunity to convert. Muhammad spread his word directly on his journey from Mecca to Medina known as the Hijrah (World History 265). This was a turning point for the spread of Islam because Muhammad became a political leader as well as a religious leader (World History 269). This change allowed religion to inspire governing which was the starting point of the Muslim Empire controlling the region. The Abbasid family pushed out the Umayyads and murdered most of their members as they took control of the Muslim region, but one prince named Abd al-Rahman escaped and fled to Spain (World History 271). He set up a caliphate in Spain and pushed out the Berbers, a Muslim group from North Africa. The Berbers advanced North into Europe and continued to spread Islam farther from its place of origin (World History 271). This change of rule allowed for the Umayyads to

The supply of food had to be able to feed more people and ensure stability. The traditional method would often see poor harvest or shortages of land, the new methods the Agricultural Revolution provided ensured the stability that was needed in Europe. Dikes and drain land was developed so farmers and landlords could farm larger areas. They also experimented with new crops that would restore the soil and supply more animal food. The iron plow was another great agricultural innovation because it allowed land to be cultivated longer without having to be left unplanted. Crop rotation and a new method of animal breeding also contributed to the success of the Agricultural Revolution. However, these new methods caused peasant revolts because it challenged the traditional peasant ways of production. The increased production of food with the new and efficient production methods allowed death rates to fall and children to grow because people were more nouritoused. The increase in food production allowed Europeans to grow without the fear of

Agricultural Revolution occurred in many different regions of the world, including Fertile Crescent and Mesoamerica. Fertile Crescent, where the revolution first occurred in 9000-7000 B.C.E, was located in present-day Iraq, Syria, Israel, Palestine, and Southern Turkey. Mesoamerica, located in present-day Mexico, had the revolution occurred about 6000 years later since the agriculture started in the Fertile Crescent. Numerous differences between two different regions from different hemispheres show why Fertile Crescent had advantages over Mesoamerica in terms of Agriculture.

Trade was a large part in why Islam spread so quickly. Mecca had several trading routes. “By the middle of the sixth century… Mecca was … prosperous and important (Doc A).” They were trading through the two main empires: Byzantine and Persian. East Africa, Spain, India, and China also traded with them. Mecca being at the center of the trading system, they brought in many tourists to see the famous holy shrine. With the help of communication people interested in Islam were also drawn because goods were not just traded, but the Islamic culture as well.

The spread of Islam throughout the world was among the most significant worldwide movements in history. Beginning as the faith of a small community of believers in Arabia in the seventh century, Islam rapidly became one of the major world religions. The core beliefs and culture of this faith is the belief that Muhammad (570-632), a respected businessman in Mecca, a commercial and religious center in western Arabia, received revelations from God that have been preserved in the Qur'an. The core of Islam remains the same today after 1396 years. Islam still translates to “submission” and Muslims still live by the Qur’an and follow the 5 Pillars of Islam. However, throughout the Pre-Islamic, Umayyad, and Abbasid

The Islamic civilization spread to encompass such an extensive empire by using their resources and becoming a peaceful civilization with peaceful people.

The main characters in “Araby” by James Joyce and “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien are both at war with fantasy and reality. Both of these characters are ones motivated by their infatuation with woman they hardly know but believe that they love them. Both these stories tell us that their fantasizing and objectification of these women are used to cover up their true feelings. In return this offers the main characters an escape from reality.

The idea of love is very complex and can be interpreted in a variety of ways. Both “The Things They Carried” by Tim O’Brien and “Araby” by James Joyce portray the lives of two individuals who are in love. “The Things They Carried” is about a young lieutenant named Jimmy Cross during the Vietnam War. Lieutenant Cross was incapable of focusing on the war because of his constant thoughts of the girl he loved, Martha. “Araby” is about a boy who is infatuated with a girl he has never had a conversation with. Although both protagonists in “The Things They Carried” and “Araby” eventually realize that the girls they loved didn’t feel the same way about them, Lieutenant Cross tried to move on by destroying everything he had that reminded him of

The Crusade made the Christians adopt many of the foodstuffs used by easterners such as, pepper, melons, apricots, sesame seeds, and carob beans. The Christians new fondness for these foods brought about wealth traders who sell these new goods. The Crusades cost countless Muslim lives lost and many buildings destroyed, but they did gain exposure to new European ideas like new weapons and new military tactics. Muslims especially in Egypt and Syria, earned riches from the Europeans. These political changes made the Muslims band together against one common foe, the Ayyabids. The Crusades also caused Europe to start trading with Asia, which brought with it the knowledge of the Easts foreign fruits and spices. The Crusades also brought about the

Islam played a key role in the long-distance trade between the South China Sea and the Mediterranean Sea from the 7th century until the late 15th century. During this time, Islam had a large number of merchants which allowed for them to play such a role in the expansion of trade and which also allowed for the expansion of Islam as a religion. The Silk Road was the most used land routes between the 7th and 15th century and this was because it was the largest, most active trade routes that stretched the longest distance which allowed for further reach of resources, commodities, ideas, technology, and religion. The silk road had many different land and sea routes that went a range of distances and to a variety of different places. The role that Islam played in the trade between the South China Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, was also beneficial for them. The long-distance trade allowed for Islam to grow and develop in many ways. Due to the extreme distances that the trade routes covered, Islam, the second largest religion, behind Christianity, was able to share their beliefs as a culture and as a religion. There were many different key assets and events that help with the expansion of the long-distance trade routes and their goods between the 7th and the 15th century.

Islamic Religious Perspectives on Food According to the Quran, the holy book of Islam, the only foods that were strictly forbidden are; meats from animals that are killed, pig meat, blood, and animals dedicated to things other than God. It is also important within the culture to continue with the many dietary rituals like abstaining from alcohol and praying over their meals. The Islamic culture is very rich in rules, orders, and practices derived from the Quran, and from The Prophet Muhammad, who was said to be chosen by God and given the responsibility of conveying and reciting the message of the Quran to all of the humankind.

According to Pewresearch.org, Muslims are the fastest growing religion in the world with a population of 1.6 billion as of 2015. Dietary laws have existed since the biblical years of the Old Testament in the books of Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy which explains the practices for Christians and Jews. The Muslims are no exception because their dietary laws are outlined in the Koran and Hadith as received and practiced by Prophet Mohammed from God. Hence, the Muslims jurisprudence is the Sharia law which is the religious law governing the members of the Islamic faith and it is a combination of both the Quran and the hadith. These laws provide guidelines on what is forbidden known as haram and foods that are permitted known as halal which means cleanliness and hygiene in food preparation However, for this practice to be effective, most Muslim countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia have a food certification program with labels to food which are halal and provides safety to the consumers Kwon and Tamang, (2015). How the food is prepared and slaughtering of animals also has to be halal and the Islamic law states that animals should be killed in a humane manner. The awareness of halal food among non-Muslims has helped with the acceptance of halal food. Also, the concept of Islamic foods in the Quran and Sunnah which will be considered halal or haram as stipulated in the

The Umayyad also used the silk roads for overland trade. The roads used for trade were also inherited for military forces to cross. These roads for the Umayyad and Abbasid were said to be very efficient and fast so a lot more money came into the Dynasty. Trading was very respectable and important to both dynasties. While both dynasties were reliant to trade and advancements in technology were also important to the economy. Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill to create more crops in dry times in the Abbasid dynasty. Muslim engineers also developed pumps, employed gears in mills and water-raising machines, and used dams to provide additional power to watermills and water-raising machines. Such advances made it possible for many industrial tasks that were previously driven by manual labor in ancient times to be mechanized and driven by machinery instead in the medieval Islamic world. While the Umayyad created saddles to ride camels through the brutal heat and carry heavy loads. The Umayyad also used the compass from the Chinese and lateen sails from south Asian and Indian mariners to engage in maritime trade and ran some of the first banks. Although the Umayyad designed great inventions, the Abbasid improved their ideas and benefitted from it significantly.