Comparing Coproantigen Elisa And Serology Indirect Elisa On Liver Flukes Infection

This experiment was centered on metabolic and biochemical testing procedures. The rationale of performing these tests was to distinguish six different microbes from one another and to compare how their metabolic and biochemical processes differ from species to species to determine the unknown sample.

Identifying C. Freundii holds importance in order to determine infection in gastrointestinal and urinary tracts and in the brain. These infections will often be

The oxidation fermentation test was used to differentiate if the organism utilizes lactose, mannitol, glucose and citrate aerobically (oxidation) or anaerobically (fermentation). A methyl red test was performed to determine if the organism carried out mixed-acid fermentation when supplied glucose. A Voges-Proskauer test was performed to evaluate if the unknown was able to ferment glucose into butanediol. A citrate test was performed to determine if the unknown organism was able to break down citrate into ammonia. An oxidase test was then performed to determine if the unknown culture was oxidase positive or negate.

Chapter eight of the textbook, Biosecurity and Bioterrorism Containing and Preventing Biological Threats, by Jeffrey R. Ryan, goes into extensive detail on the important role that agriculture plays in the United States food supply. Due to the fact that agriculture plays a large part in the enhancing and sustaining of society as a whole, it is terrifying when diseases begin to take root. One of the major threats the United States faces, when it comes to agriculture, is forging animal diseases, or FAD (Ryan, 2016, p. 187). To better explain, FAD is considered to be serious animal diseases that are not conceived in the United States (Ryan, 2016,

The increasing number of citizens that are testing positive for Hepatitis C is shocking and the epidemic is just getting worse. One out of every one hundred people in the general population has Hepatitis C, but the ratio is higher in prisons. One out of every six inmates has Hepatitis C (Wegner, Rottnek, Parker and Crippin, 2014). Hepatitis C (HCV) is a blood disease that is caused by a virus and it affects the liver. Unfortunately there is no vaccine to prevent this disease and I have seen first-hand how ugly this virus is. I have worked in the medical field for the past 6 years and I have a very close friend who contracted HCV. Unfortunately, she was one of the many people that needed a liver transplant. HCV has infected four times as

I knew what the results meant and what test I needed to do next, but when I went to get my new media I asked for the wrong one and did not realize it until I was back at my table. This time I performed a lawn technique instead of a streak isolation using aseptic technique. I didn’t use a swab this time I used an inoculating loop to perform the test and the bacteria came from the T-soy plate inoculated on the first day. This test was performed using aseptic and proper disposal techniques. The plate was placed inverted in the incubation rack.

•Spread hydatid tapeworm – hydatid tapeworm are a risk to human health and cause livestock production

The Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) is the most common external parasite found on poultry. As the Northern fowl mite feeds on blood if poultry have heavy infestations it can cause anemia. The mite's development from egg to egg-laying adult takes about one week under optimum conditions (cool months are more favorable than warm months). While adult mites do not lay a large number of eggs, populations can increase rapidly on a susceptible bird and may exceed 20,000 mites in only a few weeks. Clinical signs of infestation include decreased egg production, decreased growth rate, and decreased feed consumption. Furthermore, Northern fowl mites can bite humans which will lead to itching and irritation of the skin.

Humans are lucky because they have an amazing system for fighting and clearing infectious agents from their bodies. There are many ways in which the immune system, my nemesis, fights off infections to return the human back to his original healthy state. While the immune system may be smart, I am smarter. Infectious agents, like myself, are continuously developing new ways to evade the human’s immune system. Today, I will give you a glimpse into my life and walk you through how I enter the body and evade the ever-present surveillance of the immune system.

By using gram staining methods, catalase, oxidase, DNase, hemolysis, antibiotic sensitivity, citrate, and SIM tests, one can determine what bacteria species are present. These tests are extremely important because they can indicate important characteristics of the bacteria species present. In order for these tests to provide conclusive results, positive and negative controls must be used for each test. The gram stain is a very important test that is the first step in separating the bacteria. Knowing if the bacteria is gram positive or gram negative can be highly sufficient for further testing. Some tests will provide better results on gram positive than gram negative and vise versa. The citrate and SIM tests were used for initial identification of the gram-negative bacteria. The indole test is part of the SIM test that determines if tryptophan is breaks down into indole and pyruvate. The citrate test determines if the bacteria can use citrate. For gram positive, further tests were required. Oxidase, hemolysis, DNase, and antibiotic sensitivity were all used in determining the gram-positive bacteria. The oxidase test determines if the

The Liver Fluke worm is another name for a type of flatworms. Liver fluke is a chronic parasitic disease of the bile ducts. The adult worms can be found in the liver of infected animals and humans, but mainly sheep and cattle. An adult fluke lays 2000-4000 eggs each day. You can get Liver flukes by consuming raw/undercooked meat. Adult flukes settle in your small ducts and can live there for 20-30 years! The most well known species that causes liver flukes is called Clonorchis Sinensis. Around 35 million people are infected with liver gloom throughout the world, Liver Flukes are the most common parasites in the U.S. They can be found everywhere such as swimming pools, hot tubs, gym floors, public bathrooms, and toilet flush levers.

The article that I chose, talks about the steps that are currently being taken to decrease blood stream infections in the hospital setting. Pronovost states, “professional societies and provider organizations are interested in reducing bloodstream infections” (2011). He talks about how these organizations and societies are currently working to prevent these infections by creating payment incentive, regulations, and relying on the economy. The article talks about how the CDC has taken measures on accurately identifying infections through laboratory confirmation and counts the number of days that a patient is exposed to a catheter (2011). The longer that a patient is exposed to a catheter the more at risk that they can be for infection. This

The identification of the unknown organism was first tested using a Gram’s staining procedure. This test uses a series of dyes and liquid solutions that give a bacterial smear a color contrast and aid in its identification. This method differentiates bacteria based on the thickness of their peptidoglycan composed cell walls. This Gram’s staining test was initiated by first donning gloves and obtaining a clean microscopic slide which was cleaned with alcohol. The slide was then marked with a culture number, and a circle was made in the center with a marker. A drop of water was placed in the center and the excess was absorbed. A wire loop was

This essay based on the principle of real time PCR which uses CYBR green dye that combines to any double stand DNA. This process included two maim steps. The first step was designing of HSV-1 primer and /or HSV-2 primer (we have chosen only HSV-1). BioEdit software has been used to edit the nuclide sequences where necessary. After that the primer has been ordered. The second step was in the laboratory which included applying the HSV-1 primers to real time PCR protocol. The final results of this protocols aim to demonstrate the quality of HSV-1 primer that we have designed by interpretation three criteria. These are specificity, efficiency and

Not only are humans threatened by viral and bacterial infections, there are various parasites that also invade the human body. Parasitic infections are common in underdeveloped countries and are a prominent threat in rural areas. Though parasitic infections are known to happen in well-developed countries such as the United States. Contaminated water supplies, contact with infected animals, and improperly stored and cooked food can lead to parasitic infections. Parasites like tapeworms, protozoa, flukes, and nematodes can infect humans, causing serious health issues. These parasites enter through various parts of the body, and then live and reproduce in certain organs. Though there are many points of entry into the human body, most parasites enter