Conspiracy theories
Maggie Koerth Baker’s piece titled Why rational people buy into conspiracy theories represents the reasons why rational people believe in conspiracy theories. Throughout the article Baker tries to explain the reasons behind the belief of conspiracy theories supported by research and evidence. This paper will review Baker’s article as well as her main arguments, will evaluate the quality of Baker’s writing and focus on any areas of weakness within the article.
In her introduction Baker uses the example of Boston bombings to describe the theories formed by people in the happening of an event. There are two reasons why people believe in conspiracy theories. Firstly, due to psychological reasons and secondly because they believe
…show more content…
However the example of the poll conducted by the Fairleigh Dickinson University that 63 percent of registered American voters believe in at least one political conspiracy theory lacks in depth explanation of both the data collection process and sample selection criteria. In the absence of adequate detail, it is extremely difficult to assess the validity and reliability of the findings.
When defining culture as an element, Baker omits consideration of the age group and gender of Americans. She draws incomplete conclusions based on limited study. To add she fails to consider other cultures that could be affected by conspiracy theories for example the middle easterns who have also been through major events.
The research conducted by Swami and the co-author concludes that conspiracy theories appear to be a way of reacting to uncertainty and powerlessness. Baker offers no data to support her argument. Surveys and laboratory studies of who were conducted? There is no mention of the sample of individuals involved, age group or gender of these people to support these studies. In the absence of any evidence and incomplete information there is no way it can be concluded that powerlessness and uncertainty causes conspiracy
…show more content…
Whether conspiracy theories are formed due to psychological reasons or the media is still unclear. The conclusion of the article is too vague. After giving all the examples and evidence to prove that powerlessness and uncertainty causes conspiracy theories she provides an incomplete conclusion. She fails to encompass how these conspiracy theories would affect the lives of people and why they should care about conspiracy theories. Moreover, she fails to provide contrary evidence on the subject matter. However, the essay achieves its effectiveness and credibility by including real life examples given by the writer to support media theory and by using the work of scientists and psychologists to persuade the readers.
Additionally, she also uses compelling anecdotal evidence to support her argument that the brain of a rational person forms these conspiracy theories as it is a human tendency to latch onto interpretation of facts as they become available. The writer also uses scientific terms like amygdala and theories such as ‘confirmation bias and the ‘backfire effect’ to persuade the readers that conspiracy theories are formed by rational people due to psychological reasons.
In conclusion, even though Baker uses credible and compelling evidence to support her argument, she does not succeed in answering why non-American should actually care about conspiracy theories in general. Baker fails to justify her
Brian Keeley’s short essay, “Of Conspiracy Theories” discusses conspiracy theories and their value in an epistemological context. Keeley defines a conspiracy theory as “a proposed explanation of some historical event (or events) in terms of the significant causal agency of a relatively small group of persons-the conspirators-acting in secret (Keeley 1999, pg. 116).” Keeley seeks to answer the question of why conspiracy theories are unwarranted. His interest in the warrant of conspiracy theories focuses on ¬the unfalsifiability of conspiracy theories and how conspiracy theories are founded upon an extraordinarily large amount of skepticism. In section III, Keely discusses what a conspiracy theory is, and contends that there is no grounds for
2) What is the premise of the argument regarding Frank Capell and Jack Clemmons' conspiracy theory?
In the op-ed “Truth is in the Ear of the Beholder”, columnist Gregory Rodriguez explores the ways rumors form in accordance to our beliefs and anxieties, in order to bring light to society’s hypocritical and biased acceptance or rejection of rumors and conspiracy theories. Rodriguez argues that rumors only thrive in the minds of people who are willing to believe them. He then goes on to state that those who start rumors rely on the current beliefs and biases of their intentional audience.
In the world today there are events that happen and have stories untold. On the rise are many different twists that come about from events happening. “63 percent of registered American voters believe in at least one political conspiracy theory according to a recent poll conducted by Fairleigh Dickinson University” (“Theories Prosper”). There are many different conspiracy theories in the world today including, included in the top ten lists of conspiracy theories is the Sandy Hook elementary shooting, the Boston Marathon bombings, as well as the September 11th terrorist attacks. Ever wonder how a conspiracy theory comes alive and what is all needed to justify the meaning of a conspiracy theory?
Due to the limited resources and time constraints I cannot claim that the stated characteristics are the only factors of a conspiracy theorists. There are many factors that influence one to become interested in devoting ones life to counter-history. It is possible to deeply research the personal background of a large number of conspiracy theorists, but due to time and general interest, I will not be completing such a task. The ones who are discussed are those who had readily available information/ responded to the questionnaire that was sent (a total of three people where sent the questionnaire, two responded).
They demonstrate both sides and highlight the argument surrounding the 9/11 conspiracy theory. Firstly, the title is called Debunking 9/11 Myths, which is used similarly to the way “Zeitgeist” broke down the “9/11 myth.” Both sides are claiming that their opposing argument is overwhelmingly false. In Debunking, the text presents the claim made by many who believe in the conspiracy theory. In this text, the authors present scientific facts that debunk the theories they presented as claims. This is a more objective way to discuss the 9/11 conspiracies because they are presenting both sides of the argument, unlike any other source discussed before. The tone is undermining to the other side. For instance, even on the back cover it states: “The investigation focuses on concrete facts rather than political theories, and its conclusion are supported by hard evidence…” So, the text only contemplates the evidence that can be debunked scientifically. The text is objective to the extent of their overarching opinion, in which 9/11 was not an inside job constructed by the American government but a terrorist
Over the years there have been many occurrences that have led to many suspicious citizens that do not believe the answers that they receive which has led to the creation of conspiracy theories, and many of them. Some of them make sense and provide factual information and support yet others are more abstract and do not contain much proof and if they do contain proof it is quickly deemed as false. In some cases some conspiracy theories turn out to be the truth. The definition of a conspiracy theory is an explanatory hypothesis that accuses a person or group of people of planning and or covering up major events that have occurred throughout history.
Have you ever wondered how things would turn out in the United States if certain situations did or didn’t happen? Imagine what the United States economy would be like if 9/11 didn’t happen the day it did, John F. Kennedy were never assassinated, and AIDS were actually created by the CIA. All of these conspiracy topics and more contain a mass amount of information. If they are indeed true, would we have more freedom as citizens or would our economy come crashing down? Some conspiracies of the United States have shaped citizen behavior and affected our economical and future with complete freedom forever.
Conspiracy Rising: Conspiracy Thinking and American Public Life questions the popularity of conspiracy post 9/11 and government secrecy which calls for analysis of comparative work of prior historians. Martha Lee, professor of political science at the University of Windsor, observes current obsession over President Obama's birthplace as a replacement for government involvement in 9/11. However, she argues that although conspiracy changes through different events, the cause for it remains similar to those of the 19th century. Lee, in the first part of the article, explains her deep appreciation to Knight’s work. As his work shows the global changes in political, economic, and social structures that produce fear and anxiety among society. Lee
The interview was took place on the 9th of November in the classroom of 11- Mead. Ms. Kyra Mallari and Kayla Flores where tasked to be the interviewers for Mr. Robert James Nitura, High School teacher of Miriam College. The Interview was on Western Conspiracy Theories, with it being categorized into 4: Political Conspiracy Theories, Extraterrestrial and Unearthly Creatures & Legends, Existential Conspiracy Theories, and Historical Conspiracy Theories. The Interviewers goal for the interview was to capture the audience’s attention through the exchange of the interviewer’s and interviewee’s beliefs and opinions, Expound the interviewee’s knowledge on the topic through the use of the Maieutic method, and look into and give value to western conspiracy
Conspiracy theories are capturing, they make your mind buzz with intense thoughts. The world of conspiracies stretches out on smooth marble paths for miles, branching out on every side. They’re winding roads of opportunity and mystery, each one a new idea to read. In this essay, I will be
In the history of the United States, and possibly of human civilization, the largest conspiracy on record is the controversy surrounding the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Initially, the mere existence of the conspiracy theory enabled Americans to carefully evaluate the evidence presented before them by the government. Though when the conspiracy is meticulously reexamined, as it is by Jesse Ventura in They Killed Our President: 63 Reasons to Believe There Was a Conspiracy to Assassinate JFK, it becomes clear that there was indeed a conspiracy to kill the nation’s 35th president. Furthermore, the conspiracy was covered up by the U.S. government, intentionally. The presence of a hidden conspiracy is illuminated through sequence in which the facts are presented, and supported by the constituted evidence, anecdotes and utilization of the modes of persuasion. The argument is presented in four sections entitled; “The Evidence”, “The Cover-Up”, “The Witnesses”, and “The Who, Why, and How”. This sequential breakdown coupled with cohesive rhetorical techniques creates an immensely powerful argument.
Five years ago, who’d have thought Donald Trump could become the most powerful person in the world? Truth may be stranger than fiction, but if there’s any lesson here, it’s that too many people prefer fiction to the truth. Conspiracy theories have gripped the public imagination to such an extent that an armchair crank stands at the White House lawn.
To be sure, in virtually every major conspiracy case to come before the Court since 1987, the government has won convincingly, often times with nary a dissent. My own view is that the Supreme Court has unwisely embraced so enthusiastically both the conspiracy doctrine and the manner in which it is prosecuted. In the major conspiracy cases I discuss below, I contend that the prudent course here was not to do what the Justices did: strongly support, in almost every instance, the government position and ignore the reach of the conspiracy offense, a reach which continues to expand. Moreover, it was not at all clear in these cases that an even-handed approach would have necessarily led to the broad reaffirmation of conspiracy doctrine and rules of practice. Still, in reading these cases, one is struck by just how strongly the Justices have spoken in supporting such prosecutions. It is to those cases, and the rationale for them, to which I will soon turn in this
To most a fairy tale, to some an interesting topic of discussion, however, to a small population, 5 % to be exact, Government conspiracy does exist. How, you might ask, do I intend to prove that indeed government conspiracy is real? I do not intend to prove it. In fact I only intend to inform you of its ever growing ploy of world domination, capitalism and control and open your mind to the idea that government conspiracy is out there. Throughout history as it is known to repeat itself, I will show facts that support this “theory” and dismiss the legendary lies we have been taught to believe through a system known as memetics.