2.1 Styling using Convolutional Neural Networks
The initial work on style transferring using convolutional neural networks was brought forth by Leon Gatys, Alexander Ecker and Matthias Bethge [1] in which style representations were extracted from images. This involved superimposing the style image onto the content image such that the semantic details of the content image were not lost as shown in Figure 1 [1].
Figure 1: Example of using the neural style transfer method advocated by Gatys et al to transfer the style of the reference photo onto the original photo such that the stylized photo contains the semantic content of the original photo and the style of the reference photo
The paper provides a detailed explanation of how the
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2.2. Neural Style Transfer
Becattini et al [2] provide a thorough survey of neural style transfer literature. It highlights the contemporary problems of the existing models and also discusses future scope. It also presents various evaluation techniques to contrast outputs obtained through different neural style transfer methods. A broad classification of neural methods into descriptive and generative neural methods where the former is used to transfer styles by updating pixel information in the images whereas the latter optimizes a model and generates an image with varying styles in a single pass. Figure 3 provides a visually contrasting stylized image when a content image is stylized using both the mentioned methods.
Figure 3: (Starting from the left) a) content image b) style image c) Descriptive method results with brush size control d) Generative method without brush size control
The paper improves upon the existing methods mentioned above while being intent on process architecture preservation but improves on the performances by tweaking environmental parameters such as loss function modification, emphasizing on spatial arrangements to style details. Extensions to existing transfer methods which were developed for simple images were discussed, this included style transferring for doodles, head portraits, single user specified objects and video frames. The parameters mentioned in the paper were also broadly classified
Technique and style are two things that an artist develops in order to define themselves. It acts as a trademark and it is what makes an artist’s work unique. Van Gogh and Monet have incredibly similar techniques and styles, however, it is the disparities within them that make them distinct. The
Adapting to someone’s piece of art like this is like taking a craft, and altering it or to build off it to produce a new piece of art. Sometimes adaptation mimics the original piece. Other times the resemblance is so slight that it can be considered completely stray from the plot and theme.
As we all know, color is the voice for the artist 's sentiment. It makes up the appearance of a picture. Color is the decisive factor in depths of the two-dimensional plane of the artwork, making the viewer feel physically and mentally attracted, or the context of things - the phenomenon the author wants to present. Colors have been around for a long time, but there is not a common definition for colors. And perhaps humans are one of the luckiest creatures that can identify colors. Often, the recipient 's eye knows a myriad of colors and colors that always change based on the relationship between light and perspective. In art, color creates a sense of
My phone was used to take the photograph of my father. Once i had taken several photos of him in motion I was able to find one suitable to become my artwork. Once I had selected a photo I then uploaded it onto the app ‘Pixlr’, where i was able to add effects and edit the temperature, exposure, contrast and grain of the photo. When i was satisfied with the effects on my artwork using ‘Pixlr’, I uploaded it onto Microsoft Word and used some of the effects to further enhance the
Efros and Leung [EL99] proposed a non-parametric method for texture synthesis. Once an input sample of a texture is given, the aim of the method is to produce more of that texture in order to synthesize a new image.
Moving from developing photos in the dark room to now being able to edit and alter photos with a computer has made a large difference in the process of photoshopping. The time and precision of editing an image has advanced as society has moved into a digital age. One tool of photoshopping in the photojournalism industry, tonal manipulation, is supported by the single idea that a photographer feels the need to alter an image to match what they’d seen in real life ("Photoshop and Journalism | Photoshop 25th Anniversary."). With the way that cameras operate today, there isn’t always an organic depiction between what was witnessed in real life and what has shown up through the lense; therefore tonal manipulation is a justified practice. A few main editing operations in tonal manipulation include controlling the brightness, contrast and levels of black and white coloring (Figure 5).
For example, the Mona Lisa is painted by the Northern Renaissance style. You could see that by looking at the highly detailed style of the figure. Mona Lisa’s face is especially detailed; it almost looks real. The artist of the Henry Clay and Theodore Roosevelt political cartoon focuses more on the background rather than on the structure of the faces. However, Leonardo de Vinci focuses more on the structure of Mona’s face instead of the background and that’s why the paining looks very simple and
Yet as a result of the constant update of technology and the growing personal computer industry, the creation of such work can be recreated at the fraction of the cost or at no cost by anyone. This is computer generated imagery at its finest and most accessible
For this week’s blog chose to compare the styles of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. Both of these styles started to rise up in the 19th century from France. There are many differences between these two styles. Impressionists were very in favor of independent exhibitions, while the Post-Impressionists placed on emphasis on structure. The Impressionists often drew upon landscapes and the scenes of modern life for inspiration, paying attention to light, atmosphere, and movement for their color. The Impressionists often did not rely on historical or mythical inspiration. The Post-Impressionists, on the other hand, rejected the Impressionist idea of being spontaneous for their color. Post-Impressionists believed that color could be independent of the emotional and aesthetic meaning of the painting.
The constantly changing technology being developed, from the phonograph to eight track tapes to cassette tapes to CD’s to MP3 players and Ipods, continues to make all music readily accessible to everyone. The use of these devices are constantly changing the recording industry, the film and television industry and performers and composers all over the world. Impressionism is the style evolved in Paris in the 1860s and continued into early 20th century. Post Impressionism painters were influenced by the Impressionist. They objected to the lost of composition arising from the blurring of shapes. Fauvism other painters who loved colors were Henri Matisse and Vassily Kandinsky. (used bright colors and strong lines and patterns) Neo Impressionism
The aim of this research project is to look at Manipulation in Digital Photography and in Fashion Photography, before and after Adobe Photoshop was invented. The term Photoshop is commonly used as expression to denote the manipulation of images and will be used in this context throughout this research project. Photoshop is one of the biggest known software used to edit photographs and as such plays a vital role in photography. Over the years Photoshop has changed drastically and this study will look at the reasons that have contributed to the evolvment of this particular editing software. There will also be further exploration into how far Digital Photography and Fashion Photography go into manipulating their images.
Over the years artists have generally been influenced by the developments in technologies of their era. Through impressionism, we had Monet who saw realistic paintings as redundant after the invention of photography. Instead, Monet focused on capturing how light and shadows affect our impression on a subject. By 1916, Picasso had taken this further and depicted all sides and shapes of reality at once with Cubism. It was technologies of The Industrial Revolution that handed Picasso and other artists their new found freedom and inspiration. Their art was reflected by the attention and understanding they had to the evolving change in times. Since then, technology has changed drastically and artists are constantly using this to their
enhance a digital image without spoiling it. The enhancement methods can broadly be divided in to the following two categories [1]:
As an artist and art student, I have seen many different pieces of art over the years, yet each time I notice a similar pattern amongst these works. Most famous works are in the category of Realism, or art based off of real life. Each piece can have a different style of drawing or painting these scenes, but I’m focusing on Photorealism, art made to look as real as a photo. Cartoon art styles are often overshadowed by realistic pieces of art, putting artists down. Photorealism is very detailed, but does it show emotion, creativity, and quality like a cartoon style can?
“As all art depends on the vision so the different kinds of art depend on the different ways in which minds look at things” This is a quote from the English philosopher George Henry Lewes Lewes talks about how art is subjective he says that not everyone sees things the same which plays a huge role in visual media Visual media can be referred to as pretty much anything you can look at that carries a message whether it be through pictures or words To begin our journey we are going to start way back 40000 BCE to be exact