Coronary Collateral Circulation And Humans Are Often More Controversial

Another word used to describe a heart attack is myocardial infarction, cardiac infarction and coronary thrombosis. A heart attack is the death of a part of the heart caused by the loss of blood supply. The blood supply is usually gone due to a coronary artery being blocked by a blood clot. When a part of a heart artery breaks a blood clot forms around the piece. This blood clot can block the blood flow through the heart muscle. When the heart muscle needs oxygen it is called ischemia. When damage of a part of the heart muscle happens it’s called a heart attack. During a heart attack damage occurs depending on the size of the area blocked by the blood clot as well as the time between the actual heart attack and the treatment. Even though the heart may be hurt, the rest of the organs work with no problems. However, it will not pump as much blood as it used to in order to supply the same amount of blood to all of the parts of the body.

Effect of Exercise on Arterial Pressure and Vascular Resistance Abbie DeBerg Ms. Brantley May 30, 2012

Coronary artery disease affects the circulatory system. Chemically, this disease develops when blood vessels that are necessary for living become badly damaged. Cholesterol plaques become inflamed in the arteries. The most common signs and symptoms are chest pains which tighten the chest as if someone were standing on it. Shortening of breath also affects those with this disease because the heart is unable to supply enough blood. A major sign of this disease is having a heart attack. This indicates an artery that is completely blocked. This disease is caused by damaging the coronary arteries by smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure or high cholesterol. To diagnose this disease, medical physicians will perform physical exams and examine blood

Capillarisation increases during long term exercise. Long-term aerobic exercise improves the elasticity of your blood vessels, or the ability of your vessels to expand and contract. The improved elasticity delivers more oxygen and glucose to your muscles at a faster rate. The number of capillaries in your working muscles also increases as an adaptation to long-term aerobic exercise.

Coronary Artery Disease, also known as CAD, is the most common form of heart disease. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Coronary Artery Disease obstructs the blood flow in vessels that provides blood to the heart which is caused by the buildup of plaque on the artery walls. (Rogers, 2011, p.87) (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque is a yellow substance that consists of fat substances, like cholesterol, and narrows or clogs the arteries which prevents blood flow. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009) Plaque can build up in any artery but usually favors large and medium sized arteries. (Heart and Stroke Foundation, 2009)

During exercise there is an increase in cardiac output, which corresponds to an increase in maximal oxygen consumption. With the increase in oxygen consumption, a greater increase in blood flow occurs. This means there is more oxygen circulating in the blood for the tissues to take up. Due to the increase in blood flow, vasoconstriction of arterioles occurs to maintain mean arterial pressure (Bassett & Edward, 1997). This limits oxygen consumption because some of the blood flow is directed to the brain and skin. It is further pointed out that the heart is another limiting factor because it determines how much blood and oxygen are supplied to the muscles especially when blood flow exceeds maximal cardiac output (Bassett & Edward,

Our body system is not immune to pathological deficiencies. There exist numerous identified pathologies which compromise the regular functioning of a heart, but all heart-related pathologies are narrowed to a single condition known as Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). This is the term properly used in reference to the different identified clinical entities threatening the cardiovascular system. ACS is the result of the progressive or complete sudden blocking of the arteries or veins; this prevents an appropriate blood flow through the circulatory system, and as a consequence, the body is unable to receive enough oxygen and nutrients to meet its daily necessities.

After time of accumulation and build up the plaque it becomes hardened plaque, and the hardened plaque makes the coronary arteries narrower, which lead to reduce the blood flow to the heart muscles.

has to work harder pumping blood to the rest of the body. Blood in our

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is caused by fatty buildup in the arteries of the heart. Your arteries are made to carry oxygen infused blood to your heart and other parts of your body if it is filled up with plaque, which is the fatty substance that clogs and blocks up the arteries. If it gets clogged enough to where your heart is not receiving fresh oxygen, you could have a heart attack that could cause very serious damage to your body and could even kill you. When you are younger, you can begin to grow plaque in your blood vessels from not eating right and not exercising regularly. When your arteries are being filled up with plaque they become more narrow and harder for blood to get through as easily as it is supposed to be. When you have

Another study that shows the effects of improved cardiovascular fitness with HIIT, looked at the benefits to individuals with coronary artery disease (Gremeaux et al, 2011). The study showed the effects of different training methods on coronary artery disease patients after an acute coronary syndrome. The study took 27 individuals with coronary artery disease and separated them into three groups of 9; one with moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) at 70% of max HR, one at MICE at maximal 6 minute walk test HR, and one using HIIT. The methods used were comparing VO2 peak, six minute walk test, and 200 meter fast walk test every two weeks for six weeks. Though this was a pilot study with a very small amount of individual; the study did find that peak VO2 improved in all groups and was higher in the HIIT group on average by 2 ml.min kg. This study was very basic and short and future research needs to look at the longer effects of HIIT on individuals with coronary artery disease. HIIT is beneficial to all for cardiovascular purposes, and it also is a significant benefit to muscular strength. (Gremeaux, 2011)

Good physical health is a vital part of the well-being of every person. A major component of our physical health is “Cardiovascular fitness”. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability of the heart and lungs to provide oxygen to the muscles for activity of an extended duration. If we have a good level of cardio-vascular fitness we are able to sustain activity for a reasonable period of time and not fatigue easily. This can give individuals a variety of health benefits and allow more regular and enjoyable activity to be participated in. This research report will examine my results of cardio-vascular fitness tests and weekly physical activity events, which

INTRODUCTION: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is known as one method to treat Cardiovascular Diseases (CD), such as Coronary Arterial Disease (CAD) and Heart Failure (HF), due to its potential to improve cardio respiratory fitness (1, 15). This exercise format is characterized as aerobic exercise performed in a high intensity - usually controlled by either maximum oxygen uptake or maximum heart rate – with active and low intensity. Performing exercise in high intensities mixed with active rest allows patients to tolerate a higher effort before they become tired. Heart failure patients present a diminished exercise capacity, due to a smaller Ejection Fraction (EF), which tells us how well the heart pumps blood to body. To these patients, High-Intensity Interval Training has been reported for improving Systolic Function due to the increased effort in which the heart is working (16). The necessity to provide nutrients through circulation during exercise leads to an increased contractility and consequently LV Remodeling (15). Coronary Arterial Disease Patients have a decreased blood flow to the myocardial tissue due to an obstruction inside the coronary arteries. HIIT increases the arteriovenous O2 difference, which means there is an elevated consumption of oxygen by the tissues as result of a higher stroke volume. All those benefits have been shown in the literature, but most of the studies present data with short-term interventions. A few studies discuss the benefits

The theory is simple: get the heart working hard so it needs more blood, and you will be able to detect partial blockages in the coronary arteries. Unfortunately, exercise tests are not accurate for healthy people with a low mobility of coronary disease.As for myself, I try to use an exercise program to reduce my personal risk for heart disease. I walk thirty minutes a night with my son, and buy foods that are low in fat. I have a low sodium intake, in fact i never really use salt at all in my cooking. I do not smoke, and try to avoid second hand smoke.

The amount of blood pumped out during systole is called the stroke volume and is less than the end diastolic volume because the ventricles do not completely empty themselves during systole. At all levels of physical activity stroke volume is increased. There is an improvement in ventricular performance with an increase of plasma volume [4] and a faster peak lengthening the rate of the left ventricle during diastole [6]. Training can improve stroke volume but by no more then about 20%. Due to the decreased heart rate an increase of ventricular filling will result and an increase in ventricular volume and thickening of ventricular walls thus